{"doi":"10.7570/jomes25027","title":"Combined versus Individual Effects of Dietary Energy Reduction and Physical Activity on Body Composition in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome","abstract":"Background: This study prospectively assessed the combined versus individual effects of reducing energy intake (EI) and increasing physical activity (PA) on body weight and composition in older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. The interaction between both exposures was likewise assessed. Methods: A subsample of 1,110 participants (aged 55-75 years) from the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea-Plus (PREDIMED-Plus) trial was followed for 1 year. The combined effects of 1-year changes in EI and PA on reduction of ≥5% in baseline body weight and total fat, and on ≥5% increments in lean mass were examined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the combined association. Multiplicative and additive interactions were tested. Results: Participants who had reduced EI and increased PA over 1 year were significantly more likely to exhibit ≥5% reduction in body weight (odds ratio [OR], 3.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.83 to 5.72) and fat mass (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.23 to 3.69) and ≥5% increase in lean mass (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.87) compared to those who had increased EI and reduced PA. A potential for biological, rather than statistical, interaction between PA and EI was found, with synergy index (>1): 1.08 (95% CI, 0.58 to 1.99) for beneficial changes in body weight, 1.88 (95% CI, 0.41 to 8.65) for fat mass, and 1.44 (95% CI, 0.43 to 4.88) for lean mass. Conclusion: Encouraging an increase in PA with complementary nutritional education to reduce dietary EI may be more effective in managing body composition in older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome than focusing on lifestyle behaviors alone.","journal":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","year":2025,"id":587547,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":0.0,"corpus_rank":10062,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5264,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1503554,"name":"Víctor Miguel Tapia de la O","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1212925,"name":"Miguel Ruiz-Canela","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1503555,"name":"Salas-Salvado Jordi","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1503556,"name":"Vicente Martín-Sánchez","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":269320,"name":"Ramón Estruch","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1503557,"name":"Josep Juan Vidal","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1503558,"name":"F. Javier Basterra-Gortari","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":655423,"name":"Jesús García‐Gavilán","orcid":"0000-0002-3707-5255","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1503559,"name":"Joan Pou Bordoy","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1503560,"name":"Martinez-Urbistondo Diego","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":911729,"name":"José Antonio de Paz","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1503561,"name":"R. Casas","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":911053,"name":"Romina Olbeyra","orcid":"0000-0003-0156-4927","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1503562,"name":"Héctor Vázquez-Lorente","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":870152,"name":"Itziar Abete","orcid":"0000-0002-6475-5387","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1503563,"name":"Javier Díez Espino","orcid":null,"position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":760310,"name":"Miguel Fiol","orcid":null,"position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":855596,"name":"Albert Goday","orcid":null,"position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":39120,"name":"Dora Romaguera","orcid":"0000-0002-5762-8558","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":63749,"name":"J. Alfredo Martínez","orcid":null,"position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":870133,"name":"Jadwiga Konieczna","orcid":"0000-0002-2947-1338","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:59:39.958043Z","pmid":"41469225","pmcid":"PMC12884603","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}