{"doi":"10.7554/elife.99930.1.sa1","title":"Reviewer #3 (Public Review): Neural basis of cognitive control signals in anterior cingulate cortex during delay discounting","abstract":"Cognitive control involves allocating cognitive effort according to internal needs and task demands and the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) is hypothesized to play a central role in this process. We investigated the neural basis of cognitive control in the ACC of rats performing an adjusting-amount delay discounting task. Decision-making in this this task can be guided by using either a lever-value tracking strategy, requiring a ‘resource-based’ form of cognitive effort or a lever-biased strategy requiring a ‘resistance-based’ form of cognitive effort. We found that ACC ensembles always tightly tracked lever value on each trial, indicative of a resource-based control signal. These signals were prevalent in the neural recordings and were influenced by the delay. A shorter delay was associated with devaluing of the immediate option and a longer delay was associated with overvaluing of the immediate option. In addition, ACC theta (6-12Hz) oscillations were observed at the choice point of rats exhibiting a resistance-based strategy. These data provide candidates of neural activity patterns in the ACC that underlie the use of ‘resource-based’ and ‘resistance-based’ cognitive effort. Furthermore, these data illustrate how strategies can be engaged under different conditions in individual subjects.","journal":null,"year":2024,"id":502317,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9639,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1172454,"name":"Shelby White","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1352241,"name":"Mitchell Morningstar","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1330095,"name":"Eldon Emberly","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1352242,"name":"David Linsenbardt","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":883862,"name":"Baofeng Ma","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1352243,"name":"Cristine L Czachowski","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1352244,"name":"Christopher C Lapish","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1352240,"name":"Jeremy K Seamans","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:10:23.709105Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}