{"doi":"10.7554/elife.92992.1","title":"Asymmetric cortical projections to striatal direct and indirect pathways distinctly control actions","abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract</jats:p>\n                <jats:p>The striatal direct and indirect pathways constitute the core for basal ganglia function in action control. Although both striatal D1- and D2-spiny projection neurons (SPNs) receive excitatory inputs from the cerebral cortex, whether or not they share inputs from the same cortical neurons, and how pathway-specific corticostriatal projections control behavior remain largely unknown. Here using a new G-deleted rabies system in mice, we found that more than two-thirds of excitatory inputs to D2-SPNs also target D1-SPNs, while only one-third do so vice versa. Optogenetic stimulation of striatal D1- vs. D2-SPN-projecting cortical neurons differently regulate locomotion, reinforcement learning and sequence behavior, implying the functional dichotomy of pathway-specific corticostriatal subcircuits. These results reveal the partially segregated yet asymmetrically overlapping cortical projections on striatal D1- vs. D2-SPNs, and that the pathway-specific corticostriatal subcircuits distinctly control behavior. It has important implications in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases affecting cortico-basal ganglia circuitry.</jats:p>","journal":null,"year":null,"id":37883,"datarank":0.10397207708399181,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"self_citation_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.10397207708399181,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":1,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":188924,"name":"Xunyi Yan","orcid":"0009-0008-7669-077X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":188925,"name":"Hilary A. Hoffman","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":188926,"name":"Max D. Engelhardt","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":188927,"name":"Fumitaka Osakada","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":58933,"name":"Edward M. Callaway","orcid":"0000-0002-6366-5267","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":11077,"name":"Xin Jin","orcid":"0000-0003-2344-992X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":188923,"name":"Jason R. Klug","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":0.6931471805599453,"endowment":0.6931471805599453,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"18998881","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4389081998","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"5R01NS083815-03","title":"Physiology and function of basal ganglia subcircuits in sequence learning"}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":0.1955,"citation_percentile":0.59628331,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2025,"count":1}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.92992.1","host_type":""},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.92992.1","host_type":""},{"url":"https://elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/92992v1/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.92992.4","host_type":""},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.92992.3","host_type":""},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.92992","host_type":""},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.92992.2","host_type":""},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.02.560589","host_type":""},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41118233","host_type":""},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37873164","host_type":""},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41118233/","host_type":""},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.92992","host_type":""},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12539805/","host_type":""},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10592949/","host_type":""},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37873164/","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Neurological disorders and treatments","Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","Neural dynamics and brain function"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Direct pathway of movement","Neuroscience","Indirect pathway of movement","Psychology","Striatum","Dopamine","Cerebral Cortex","Optogenetics","Neurons","Male","Mice","Neural Pathways","Animals","Article","Corpus Striatum","Locomotion"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":3,"sdg_label":"3. 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