{"doi":"10.7554/elife.91421","title":"Non-Hebbian plasticity transforms transient experiences into lasting memories","abstract":"The dominant models of learning and memory, such as Hebbian plasticity, propose that experiences are transformed into memories through input-specific synaptic plasticity at the time of learning. However, synaptic plasticity is neither strictly input-specific nor restricted to the time of its induction. The impact of such forms of non-Hebbian plasticity on memory has been difficult to test, and hence poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that synaptic manipulations can deviate from the Hebbian model of learning, yet produce a lasting memory. First, we established a weak associative conditioning protocol in mice, where optogenetic stimulation of sensory thalamic input to the amygdala was paired with a footshock, but no detectable memory was formed. However, when the same input was potentiated minutes before or after, or even 24 hr later, the associative experience was converted into a lasting memory. Importantly, potentiating an independent input to the amygdala minutes but not 24 hr after the pairing produced a lasting memory. Thus, our findings suggest that the process of transformation of a transient experience into a memory is neither restricted to the time of the experience nor to the synapses triggered by it; instead, it can be influenced by past and future events.","journal":"eLife","year":2023,"id":359881,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9511,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1110857,"name":"Valentina Khalil","orcid":"0000-0001-5928-8596","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1018307,"name":"Wen‐Hsien Hou","orcid":"0000-0002-8078-5463","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":808038,"name":"Andrea Moreno","orcid":"0000-0001-7348-872X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1110858,"name":"Niels Andersen","orcid":"0000-0003-4727-6189","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1110859,"name":"Rosalina Fonseca","orcid":"0000-0003-0884-6441","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":808045,"name":"Joaquín Piriz","orcid":"0000-0002-4588-6568","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1018312,"name":"Marco Capogna","orcid":"0000-0002-2742-5485","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":808046,"name":"Sadegh Nabavi","orcid":"0000-0002-3940-1210","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1110856,"name":"Islam Faress","orcid":"0009-0000-2218-9180","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":66,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:13:57.361401Z","pmid":"39023519","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}