{"doi":"10.7554/elife.89395.3","title":"Tailoring Tfh profiles enhances antibody persistence to a clade C HIV-1 vaccine in rhesus macaques","abstract":"CD4 T follicular helper cells (T fh ) are essential for establishing serological memory and have distinct helper attributes that impact both the quantity and quality of the antibody response. Insights into T fh subsets that promote antibody persistence and functional capacity can critically inform vaccine design. Based on the T fh profiles evoked by the live attenuated measles virus vaccine, renowned for its ability to establish durable humoral immunity, we investigated the potential of a T fh 1/17 recall response during the boost phase to enhance persistence of HIV-1 Envelope (Env) antibodies in rhesus macaques. Using a DNA-prime encoding gp160 antigen and T fh polarizing cytokines (interferon protein-10 (IP-10) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)), followed by a gp140 protein boost formulated in a cationic liposome-based adjuvant (CAF01), we successfully generated germinal center (GC) T fh 1/17 cells. In contrast, a similar DNA-prime (including IP-10) followed by gp140 formulated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) +QS-21 adjuvant predominantly induced GC T fh 1 cells. While the generation of GC T fh 1/17 cells with CAF01 and GC T fh 1 cells with MPLA +QS-21 induced comparable peak Env antibodies, the latter group demonstrated significantly greater antibody concentrations at week 8 after final immunization which persisted up to 30 weeks (gp140 IgG ng/ml- MPLA; 5500; CAF01, 2155; p<0.05). Notably, interferon γ +Env-specific T fh responses were consistently higher with gp140 in MPLA +QS-21 and positively correlated with Env antibody persistence. These findings suggest that vaccine platforms maximizing GC T fh 1 induction promote persistent Env antibodies, important for protective immunity against HIV.","journal":"eLife","year":2024,"id":494559,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9503,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1135291,"name":"Chase E Hawes","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":557438,"name":"Sonny R. Elizaldi","orcid":"0000-0001-7464-8721","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":557440,"name":"Justin C. Smith","orcid":"0000-0001-7702-7920","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":320291,"name":"Dhivyaa Rajasundaram","orcid":"0000-0001-7417-8002","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":834470,"name":"Gabriel Kristian Pedersen","orcid":"0000-0001-6872-3975","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":332540,"name":"Xiaoying Shen","orcid":"0000-0002-8387-3952","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":392397,"name":"LaTonya D. Williams","orcid":"0000-0001-8064-8533","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":258351,"name":"Georgia D. Tomaras","orcid":"0000-0001-8076-1931","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253822,"name":"Pamela A. Kozlowski","orcid":"0000-0001-9906-6234","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253824,"name":"Rama Rao Amara","orcid":"0000-0002-6309-6797","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":297247,"name":"Smita S. Iyer","orcid":"0000-0002-8918-7005","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":372011,"name":"Anil Verma","orcid":"0000-0002-0024-7826","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":46,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:09:11.736910Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}