{"doi":"10.7554/elife.87306.1","title":"Self-formation of concentric zones of telencephalic and ocular tissues and directional retinal ganglion cell axons","abstract":"Summary The telencephalon and eye in mammals are originated from adjacent fields at the anterior neural plate. Morphogenesis of these fields generates telencephalon, optic-stalk, optic-disc, and neuroretina along an axis. How these telencephalic and ocular tissues are specified coordinately to ensure directional retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon growth is unclear. Here, we report the self-formation of human telencephalon-eye organoids comprising concentric zones of telencephalic, optic-stalk, optic-disc, and neuroretinal tissues along the center-periphery axis. Initially-differentiated RGCs grew axons towards and then along a path defined by adjacent PAX2+ optic-disc cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified expression signatures of two PAX2+ cell populations that mimic optic-disc and optic-stalk, respectively, mechanisms of early RGC differentiation and axon growth, and RGC-specific cell-surface protein CNTN2, leading to one-step purification of electrophysiologically-excitable RGCs. Our findings provide insight into the coordinated specification of early telencephalic and ocular tissues in humans and establish resources for studying RGC-related diseases such as glaucoma.","journal":null,"year":2023,"id":408214,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9533,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1118787,"name":"Rupendra Shrestha","orcid":"0000-0001-6804-6070","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1119312,"name":"Albert Lowe","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":927752,"name":"Xusheng Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-9335-5577","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1118788,"name":"Ludovic Spaeth","orcid":"0000-0001-9161-1365","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":563677,"name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-4199-5406","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":84,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:21:14.562812Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}