{"doi":"10.7554/elife.85748","title":"LGG-1/GABARAP lipidation is not required for autophagy and development in Caenorhabditis elegans","abstract":"The ubiquitin-like proteins Atg8/LC3/GABARAP are required for multiple steps of autophagy, such as initiation, cargo recognition and engulfment, vesicle closure and degradation. Most of LC3/GABARAP functions are considered dependent on their post-translational modifications and their association with the autophagosome membrane through a conjugation to a lipid, the phosphatidyl-ethanolamine. Contrarily to mammals, C. elegans possesses single homologs of LC3 and GABARAP families, named LGG-2 and LGG-1. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we inhibited the conjugation of LGG-1 to the autophagosome membrane and generated mutants that express only cytosolic forms, either the precursor or the cleaved protein. LGG-1 is an essential gene for autophagy and development in C. elegans , but we discovered that its functions could be fully achieved independently of its localization to the membrane. This study reveals an essential role for the cleaved form of LGG-1 in autophagy but also in an autophagy-independent embryonic function. Our data question the use of lipidated GABARAP/LC3 as the main marker of autophagic flux and highlight the high plasticity of autophagy.","journal":"eLife","year":2023,"id":337399,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":18,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9505,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":830749,"name":"Céline Largeau","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":146517,"name":"Leonie Müller","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":830750,"name":"Magali Prigent","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":830277,"name":"Grégoire Quinet","orcid":"0000-0002-6226-7531","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":830278,"name":"Manuel S. Rodríguez","orcid":"0000-0001-5445-4495","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":830751,"name":"Marie‐Hélène Cuif","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":337138,"name":"Thorsten Hoppe","orcid":"0000-0002-4734-9352","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":830279,"name":"Emmanuel Culetto","orcid":"0000-0003-4725-2654","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":830280,"name":"Christophe Lefebvre","orcid":"0000-0003-4242-5632","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":830281,"name":"Renaud Legouis","orcid":"0000-0002-2699-2584","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":830748,"name":"Romane Leboutet","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":79,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:10:26.690308Z","pmid":"37395461","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}