{"doi":"10.7488/era/263","title":"Unknown","abstract":null,"journal":null,"year":null,"id":635734,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Simulations of dynamics and motility in active fluids","abstract":"Active fluids are ubiquitous in nature, spanning both microscopic and macroscopic length scales. They belong to an interesting new class of nonequilibrium systems in physics. In contrast with externally driven materials, active fluids are intrinsically forced out of equilibrium by their constituent active particles, which consume energy from the environment, using it to engage in nonequilibrium activities, such as motility and replication. Two of the most prevalent examples of active particles are bacteria and actomyosin complexes. In both cases, we observe rich collective behaviour giving rise to, respectively, the multicellular organisation of bacterial colonies and the intracellular structure in eukaryotes. A hydrodynamic description can be used to model the behaviour of active fluids. This approach is based on the fact that the active particles exert stresses on the surrounding fluid as they move through it. Within the hydrodynamic framework, we can study many interesting nonequilibrium phenomena, including hydrodynamic instabilities and spontaneous symmetry breaking. These provide an explanation for macroscopic motility patterns in active systems. In our work, we use a hybrid lattice Boltzmann method to simulate a range of motile states and their chiral characteristics. We start by studying the dynamics of an active fluid enclosed in a droplet with imposed orientational anchoring at the interface. Our results show that when the anchoring is strong enough, active extensile and contractile stresses lead to spontaneous droplet rotation. In contrast, if the anchoring is weak, the droplet instead translates. The signature of the observed rotating states is a significant deformation of the droplet shape, distinguishing it from the rotation of spiral defects, which has been previously reported. Moreover, the sense of rotation is selected via spontaneous symmetry breaking, so that the droplet is equally likely to start rotating clockwise or anticlockwise, acquiring a random chirality. Most biological active particles are also microscopically chiral themselves. Thus, active processes must involve chiral interactions at the microscale. We address this feature by considering a chiral active stress originating from a collection of active torque dipoles. We find that the active chiral stresses drive a nonequilibrium transition to a self-assembled cholesteric phase in both active fluids and dry active systems. This spontaneously twisted phase shares many of the characteristics of equilibrium cholesterics, including the formation of layered and fingering patterns, and the existence on non-singular defects. If the activity is suciently high, chiral active stresses are capable of untwisting an equilibrium cholesteric configuration (which is thermodynamically favoured). Finally, we look at active fluids with both achiral (extensile, contractile) and chiral active stresses. We observe that contractile activity suppresses the spontaneous twist, while extensile activity enhances it. We also show the existence of a pitchsplay instability in these systems, leading to a bend deformation of cholesteric layers.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"41121283","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3016083659","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Shanghai Anticancer Association EYAS PROJECT","grant_id":"SACA-CY23A02","title":null},{"funder_name":"Shanghai Anticancer Association EYAS PROJECT","grant_id":"SACA-CY23C04","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","grant_id":"82403377","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","grant_id":"81870285","title":null},{"funder_name":"Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation","grant_id":"Y-Young2024-0138","title":null},{"funder_name":"Beijing Xisike Clinical Oncology Research Foundation","grant_id":"Y-HR2020MS-0948","title":null},{"funder_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","grant_id":"2024M750538","title":null},{"funder_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","grant_id":"GZC20230500","title":null},{"funder_name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau","grant_id":"2020CXJQ03","title":null},{"funder_name":"China Anti-Cancer Association-Hengrui PARP Nicotinamide Cancer Research Fund","grant_id":"CETSDHRCORP252-4-021","title":null}],"total_grants":10,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[],"oa_status":"green","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1842/36962","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.7488/era/263","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/36962","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Micro and Nano Robotics","Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","Humans","Carcinoma, Renal Cell","cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway","Animals","Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase","MRE11 Homologue Protein","Nucleotidyltransferases","DNA-Binding Proteins","Kidney Neoplasms","Acid Anhydride Hydrolases","DNA Repair Enzymes","STING Protein","Mice","Membrane Proteins","Cell Line, Tumor","Cell Cycle Proteins","Nuclear Proteins","Signal Transduction","Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic","Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays"],"mesh_terms":["Humans","Carcinoma, Renal Cell","cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway","Animals","Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase","MRE11 Homologue Protein","Nucleotidyltransferases","DNA-Binding Proteins","Kidney Neoplasms","Acid Anhydride Hydrolases","DNA Repair Enzymes","STING Protein","Mice","Membrane Proteins","Cell Line, Tumor","Cell Cycle Proteins","Nuclear Proteins","Signal Transduction","Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic","Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays"],"keywords":["Motility","Dynamics (music)","Chemistry","Physics","Biology","Cell biology","ACOX2","Homologous recombination repair","MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex","Tertiary lymphoid structures","cGAS-STING pathway"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Climate action"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-06T15:30:27.906713Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}