{"doi":"10.7326/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","title":"QUADAS-2: A Revised Tool for the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies","abstract":"In 2003, the QUADAS tool for systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy studies was developed. Experience, anecdotal reports, and feedback suggested areas for improvement; therefore, QUADAS-2 was developed. This tool comprises 4 domains: patient selection, index test, reference standard, and flow and timing. Each domain is assessed in terms of risk of bias, and the first 3 domains are also assessed in terms of concerns regarding applicability. Signalling questions are included to help judge risk of bias. The QUADAS-2 tool is applied in 4 phases: summarize the review question, tailor the tool and produce review-specific guidance, construct a flow diagram for the primary study, and judge bias and applicability. This tool will allow for more transparent rating of bias and applicability of primary diagnostic accuracy studies.","journal":"Annals of Internal Medicine","year":2011,"id":4607,"datarank":16.637019022136236,"base_score":9.528212115591021,"endowment":9.528212115591021,"self_citation_contribution":1.4292318173386533,"citation_network_contribution":15.207787204797581,"self_endowment_contribution":1.4292318173386533,"citer_contribution":15.207787204797581,"corpus_percentile":95.3,"corpus_rank":669,"citation_count":13741,"citer_count":192,"citers_with_citation_signal":192,"citers_with_endowment":192,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2011-10-18","authors":[{"id":49100,"name":"Anne W.S. Rutjes","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":49101,"name":"Marie E. Westwood","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":49102,"name":"Susan Mallett","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2313,"name":"Jonathan J. Deeks","orcid":"0000-0002-8850-1971","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":49103,"name":"Johannes B. Reitsma","orcid":"0000-0003-4026-4345","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":49104,"name":"Mariska M.G. Leeflang","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2304,"name":"Jonathan A. C. Sterne","orcid":"0000-0001-8496-6053","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":49105,"name":"Patrick M.M. Bossuyt","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":49106,"name":"the QUADAS-2 Group*","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":16514,"name":"Penny Whiting","orcid":"0000-0003-1138-5682","position":10,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":15,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}