{"doi":"10.7150/ijbs.78002","title":"Serological responses to human virome define clinical outcomes of Italian patients infected with SARS-CoV-2","abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the pandemic respiratory infectious disease COVID-19. However, clinical manifestations and outcomes differ significantly among COVID-19 patients, ranging from asymptomatic to extremely severe, and it remains unclear what drives these disparities. Here, we studied 159 sequentially enrolled hospitalized patients with COVID-19-associated pneumonia from Brescia, Italy using the VirScan phage-display method to characterize circulating antibodies binding to 96,179 viral peptides encoded by 1,276 strains of human viruses. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a marked increase in immune antibody repertoires against many known pathogenic and non-pathogenic human viruses. This antiviral antibody response was linked to longitudinal trajectories of disease severity and was further confirmed in additional 125 COVID-19 patients from the same geographical region in Northern Italy. By applying a machine-learning-based strategy, a viral exposure signature predictive of COVID-19-related disease severity linked to patient survival was developed and validated. These results provide a basis for understanding the role of memory B-cell repertoire to viral epitopes in COVID-19-related symptoms and suggest that a unique anti-viral antibody repertoire signature may be useful to define COVID-19 clinical severity.","journal":"International Journal of Biological Sciences","year":2022,"id":282669,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9492,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":243006,"name":"Julián Candia","orcid":"0000-0001-5793-8989","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":281354,"name":"Lichun Ma","orcid":"0000-0001-9809-775X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":228426,"name":"Yongmei Zhao","orcid":"0000-0003-0800-4658","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104205,"name":"Luisa Imberti","orcid":"0000-0002-2075-8391","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":671054,"name":"Alessandra Sottini","orcid":"0000-0001-5404-228X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104208,"name":"Eugenia Quirós-Roldán","orcid":"0000-0003-1452-9100","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104155,"name":"Kerry Dobbs","orcid":"0000-0002-3432-3137","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104193,"name":"Peter D. Burbelo","orcid":"0000-0003-1717-048X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104194,"name":"Jeffrey I. Cohen","orcid":"0000-0003-0238-7176","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104168,"name":"Ottavia M. Delmonte","orcid":"0000-0002-4772-0799","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":270154,"name":"Marshonna Forgues","orcid":"0000-0003-2101-7517","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":731307,"name":"Hui Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-5531-3640","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":170628,"name":"Helen Matthews","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104149,"name":"Elana Shaw","orcid":"0000-0001-9265-8026","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231241,"name":"Michael Stack","orcid":"0000-0003-1886-4379","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":669758,"name":"Sarah Weber","orcid":"0000-0001-6774-3018","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":958663,"name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":"0000-0001-8296-154X","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":332535,"name":"Andrea Lisco","orcid":"0000-0002-1475-356X","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":241760,"name":"Irini Sereti","orcid":"0000-0002-0076-0224","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231244,"name":"Helen C. Su","orcid":"0000-0002-5582-9110","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":231247,"name":"Luigi D. Notarangelo","orcid":"0000-0002-8335-0262","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":239664,"name":"Sophie Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-9735-606X","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":617815,"name":"Limin Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-5998-2609","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":58,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:29:19.691592Z","pmid":"36263161","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}