{"doi":"10.70252/apht9483","title":"The Effects of Combined Fasting and Exercise on Inflammatory Cytokine Concentrations in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study","abstract":"The object was to assess the effects of adding exercise to a 36-hour fast on the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1. The study was a randomized crossover design with counterbalanced conditions in community members living near a single academic institution. Participants included twenty healthy adults (11 male). The intervention consisted of two 36-h water-only fasts, one of which was initiated with a bout of treadmill exercise. Venous blood was taken at baseline, 12-h, 24-h, and 36-h of fasting. Area under the curve and timepoint analyses were computed. The area under the curve for MCP-1 was 210.4 ± 61.4 pg/ml higher in the fasting combined with exercise condition compared to fasting alone (F = 4.69, p = 0.04). No difference between conditions was observed in areas under the curve for IL-6 (F = 0.02, p = 0.88) or TNF-α (F = 3.74, p = 0.06). MCP-1 concentrations decreased over the course of both conditions (F=19.77, p < 0.01) with much of the reduction taking place between hours 12 and 24 (F=19.77, p < 0.01). Concentrations of IL-6 remained unchanged (F = 0.85, p = 0.48) while TNF-α increased (F=8.60, p < 0.05) in both conditions. A single fast has a mixed impact on the cytokines MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-6. MCP-1 decreases, while TNF-α fluctuates in a diurnal pattern, and IL-6 experiences no change during a water-only fast. Adding exercise to the beginning of a fast diminishes the decline in MCP-1 but has no impact on TNF-α or IL-6.","journal":"International journal of exercise science","year":2025,"id":578628,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9028,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1488921,"name":"Austin Duersch","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1488922,"name":"Spencer C Cleverly","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1488923,"name":"Hunter D Chamberlain","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1488924,"name":"Elizabeth Z. Gipson","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1488925,"name":"Parker G Graves","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1488926,"name":"Cameron G Jacobsen","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1488537,"name":"Larry A. Tucker","orcid":"0000-0003-4591-882X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1488538,"name":"Bruce W. Bailey","orcid":"0000-0001-9294-4890","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1394251,"name":"Landon Deru","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:58:24.957414Z","pmid":"41209037","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}