{"doi":"10.5888/pcd18.210240","title":"Type 2 Diabetes Among Filipino American Adults in the Multiethnic Cohort","abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Several Asian racial and ethnic groups, including individuals of Filipino ancestry, are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than White individuals, despite their lower body mass index (BMI). This study examined determinants of type 2 diabetes among Filipino American adults in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. METHODS: Participants in Hawaii and Los Angeles completed questionnaires on demographics, diet, and anthropometrics. Generational status was determined according to birthplace of participants and their parents. Based on self-reported data and data on medications, type 2 diabetes status was classified as no, prevalent, or incident. We used polytomous logistic regression, while adjusting for confounders, to obtain odds ratios. RESULTS: Among 10,681 Multiethnic Cohort Study participants reporting any Filipino ancestry, 57% were 1st-, 17% were 2nd-, and 25% were 3rd-generation Filipino Americans. Overall, 13% and 17% of participants had a prevalent or incident type 2 diabetes diagnosis. Overweight and obesity and the presence of other risk factors increased from the 1st to subsequent generations. First-generation immigrants were less likely to report type 2 diabetes at cohort entry than immigrants of subsequent generations who were born in the US or whose parents were born in the US; only the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was significantly elevated in the 2nd generation compared with the 1st generation. CONCLUSION: The results support the hypothesis that Filipino migrants adopt lifestyle factors of the host country and subsequent generations experience higher type 2 diabetes rates due to changes in risk factor patterns.","journal":"Preventing Chronic Disease","year":2021,"id":189528,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":15,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.92,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":528554,"name":"Gertraud Maskarinec","orcid":"0000-0002-8129-958X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":752214,"name":"Rica Dela Cruz","orcid":"0000-0001-9477-5971","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":305549,"name":"Veronica Wendy Setiawan","orcid":"0000-0001-9239-5692","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":75182,"name":"Bruce S. Kristal","orcid":"0000-0001-6103-7745","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":11264,"name":"Lynne R. Wilkens","orcid":"0000-0001-8408-4536","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":728,"name":"Loı̈c Le Marchand","orcid":"0000-0001-5013-980X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":749198,"name":"Phyllis Raquinio","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":37,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:18.604374Z","pmid":"34818147","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}