{"doi":"10.5344/ajev.2023.23020","title":"Transmission of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus: A Virologist’s Perspective of the Literature and a Few Recommendations","abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background and goals</h3> Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV) is the causal agent of red blotch disease, a major threat to grape production and vineyard profitability. Several species of <i>Cicadellidae</i> and <i>Membracidae</i>, including the three-cornered alfalfa hopper (<i>Spissistilus festinus</i>), have been reported to transmit GRBV in the greenhouse, but their capacity to act as vectors in the vineyard remains a source of confusion. This article examines the literature on GRBV transmission and provides recommendations to convincingly identify arthropod vectors. <h3>Methods and key findings</h3> We thoroughly evaluated transmission assays of GRBV that have been reported thus far, and critically analyzed their strengths and limitations. We identified experimental ambiguities and discussed how these have prevented the recognition of <i>S. festinus</i> as a GRBV vector of epidemiological relevance in the vineyard. Based on our assessments and given the circulative transmission mode of GRBV, we formulated a few recommendations to accurately determine how GRBV spreads, and by which insect vectors. These include the testing of the salivary glands of vector candidates for the virus, the determination of an optimal acquisition access period, the use of alfalfa plants for insect gut clearing following the access acquisition period and preceding the inoculation access period, and the inclusion of excised grapevine leaves as virus recipient tissue in transmission assays. <h3>Conclusions and significance</h3> There is a great deal of confusion about how GRBV spreads, and which insect transmits the virus in the vineyard. Our recommendations pertain to the accurate identification of arthropod vectors, which in turn provide an opportunity to address uncertainties relating to GRBV transmission, and will aid in the development of red blotch disease management strategies.","journal":"American Journal of Enology and Viticulture","year":2023,"id":364270,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9643,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1119060,"name":"Victoria Hoyle","orcid":"0000-0003-4106-0168","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1119061,"name":"Elizabeth Cieniewicz","orcid":"0000-0002-2620-4672","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1119062,"name":"Marc Fuchs","orcid":"0000-0001-5332-6766","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1119059,"name":"Madison Flasco","orcid":"0000-0003-1841-8301","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":47,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:14:36.728255Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}