{"doi":"10.5334/gh.1128","title":"Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes among Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: Findings from the World Heart Federation COVID-19 Study","abstract":"Background and aims: Limited data exist on the cardiovascular manifestations and risk factors in people hospitalized with COVID-19 from low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to describe cardiovascular risk factors, clinical manifestations, and outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in low, lower-middle, upper-middle- and high-income countries (LIC, LMIC, UMIC, HIC). Methods: Through a prospective cohort study, data on demographics and pre-existing conditions at hospital admission, clinical outcomes at hospital discharge (death, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), renal failure, neurological events, and pulmonary outcomes), 30-day vital status, and re-hospitalization were collected. Descriptive analyses and multivariable log-binomial regression models, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity/income groups, and clinical characteristics, were performed. Results: Forty hospitals from 23 countries recruited 5,313 patients with COVID-19 (LIC = 7.1%, LMIC = 47.5%, UMIC = 19.6%, HIC = 25.7%). Mean age was 57.0 (±16.1) years, male 59.4%, pre-existing conditions included: hypertension 47.3%, diabetes 32.0%, coronary heart disease 10.9%, and heart failure 5.5%. The most frequently reported cardiovascular discharge diagnoses were cardiac arrest (5.5%), acute heart failure (3.8%), and myocardial infarction (1.6%). The rate of in-hospital deaths was 12.9% (N = 683), and post-discharge 30 days deaths was 2.6% (N = 118) (overall death rate 15.1%). The most common causes of death were respiratory failure (39.3%) and sudden cardiac death (20.0%). The predictors of overall mortality included older age (≥60 years), male sex, pre-existing coronary heart disease, renal disease, diabetes, ICU admission, oxygen therapy, and higher respiratory rates (p < 0.001 for each). Compared to Caucasians, Asians, Blacks, and Hispanics had almost 2-4 times higher risk of death. Further, patients from LIC, LMIC, UMIC versus. HIC had 2-3 times increased risk of death. Conclusions: The LIC, LMIC, and UMIC's have sparse data on COVID-19. We provide robust evidence on COVID-19 outcomes in these countries. This study can help guide future health care planning for the pandemic globally.","journal":"Global Heart","year":2022,"id":247818,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":32,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7816,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":398298,"name":"Kavita Singh","orcid":"0000-0003-4330-666X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":344911,"name":"Dimple Kondal","orcid":"0000-0002-1417-9510","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":399031,"name":"Lana Raspail","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886056,"name":"Bishav Mohan","orcid":"0000-0002-4337-3603","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886057,"name":"Toru Kato","orcid":"0000-0001-8304-4516","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886058,"name":"Nizal Sarrafzadegan","orcid":"0000-0002-6828-2169","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886541,"name":"Shamim Hayder Talukder","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886542,"name":"Shahin Akter","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886543,"name":"Mohammad Robed Amin","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":607889,"name":"Fastone Goma","orcid":"0000-0002-9159-1621","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":786906,"name":"Juan Esteban Gómez‐Mesa","orcid":"0000-0002-6635-6224","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":91456,"name":"Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi","orcid":"0000-0003-2347-7883","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886059,"name":"Francisca Inofomoh","orcid":"0000-0003-1851-8724","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886060,"name":"Surender Deora","orcid":"0000-0002-5351-8597","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886544,"name":"Evgenii Philippov","orcid":null,"position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886545,"name":"Alla Svarovskaya","orcid":null,"position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886061,"name":"А. О. Конради","orcid":"0000-0001-8169-7812","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886546,"name":"Aurelio Puentes","orcid":null,"position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":618743,"name":"Okechukwu S. Ogah","orcid":"0000-0002-2093-7787","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886062,"name":"Bojan Stanetić","orcid":"0000-0003-2219-7679","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886063,"name":"Aurora Felice Castro Issa","orcid":"0000-0002-4894-6116","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":682012,"name":"Friedrich Thienemann","orcid":"0000-0002-4801-2030","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886064,"name":"Dafsah Arifa Juzar","orcid":"0000-0001-8392-4759","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886065,"name":"Ezequiel Zaidel","orcid":"0000-0001-8349-7507","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":886066,"name":"Sana Sheikh","orcid":"0000-0001-7981-2957","position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":398300,"name":"Dike Ojji","orcid":"0000-0002-2084-1988","position":26,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":49640,"name":"Carolyn S.P. Lam","orcid":"0000-0003-1903-0018","position":27,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":57265,"name":"Junbo Ge","orcid":"0000-0002-9360-7332","position":28,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":22963,"name":"Amitava Banerjee","orcid":"0000-0001-8741-3411","position":29,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":63751,"name":"L. Kristin Newby","orcid":"0000-0002-6394-8187","position":30,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":61511,"name":"Antônio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro","orcid":"0000-0002-2740-0042","position":31,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":331538,"name":"Samuel S. Gidding","orcid":"0000-0002-8557-7225","position":32,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":744915,"name":"Fausto J. Pinto","orcid":"0000-0002-8034-4529","position":33,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":398297,"name":"Pablo Perel","orcid":"0000-0002-2342-301X","position":34,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":225628,"name":"Karen Sliwa","orcid":"0000-0002-8272-0911","position":35,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":23230,"name":"Dorairaj Prabhakaran","orcid":"0000-0002-3172-834X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":45,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:23:57.824223Z","pmid":"35837356","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}