{"doi":"10.52294/001c.129658","title":"Lead-Tutor: An open-access educational resource for deep brain stimulation electrode localizations","abstract":"Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure that involves implanting electrodes into specific brain regions to treat brain disorders. Accurate reconstruction of electrode placement is crucial for treatment optimization. Several systems, such as Lead-DBS, have been developed to reconstruct DBS electrodes, and typically require expert user input. However, open DBS datasets with localized electrodes are not available, posing a challenge to train research personnel on accurate use of these methods. In this paper, we introduce Lead-Tutor, an open-access educational resource that combines an imaging dataset of anonymized DBS cases with a software tool for self-teaching. This resource includes a dataset of pre- and post-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans from ten patients with DBS implants. Along with this dataset, we provide a means for users to practice and enhance their electrode localization skills through the Lead-DBS pipeline. Aimed at new scientists in the DBS field, Lead-Tutor is a comprehensive resource available within Lead-DBS that promotes open science and education for enhanced reproducibility and potential clinical applications.","journal":"Aperture Neuro","year":2025,"id":562608,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":0.0,"corpus_rank":10062,"citation_count":0,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7547,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":58.3333,"fair_percentile":72.8829104249465,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1221084,"name":"Lauren A. Hart","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":232894,"name":"Ningfei Li","orcid":"0000-0003-3315-3591","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":863251,"name":"Till A. Dembek","orcid":"0000-0001-7023-146X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":849584,"name":"Konstantin Butenko","orcid":"0000-0002-4509-4624","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1029349,"name":"Garance M. Meyer","orcid":"0000-0002-3350-6070","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":572224,"name":"Nanditha Rajamani","orcid":"0000-0002-2511-9839","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":995744,"name":"Lukas L. Goede","orcid":"0000-0001-6026-185X","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1371015,"name":"Bahne H. Bahners","orcid":"0000-0003-1963-9798","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1459987,"name":"Julianna Pijar","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1199492,"name":"Patricia Zvarova","orcid":"0009-0004-7831-8796","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1199491,"name":"Ilkem Aysu Sahin","orcid":"0009-0005-9951-374X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1201881,"name":"Helen Friedrich","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1454672,"name":"Ignacio Aracil‐Bolaños","orcid":"0000-0002-8246-5025","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":518082,"name":"Melissa Chua","orcid":"0000-0002-2832-4002","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":550194,"name":"Clemens Neudorfer","orcid":"0000-0002-3153-1045","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":268815,"name":"Jordy Tasserie","orcid":"0000-0001-9626-7823","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1233457,"name":"Andreas Horn","orcid":"0000-0003-2130-6853","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1459199,"name":"Savir Madan","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":33,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:56:09.638214Z","pmid":"40963881","pmcid":"PMC12439812","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":61.1111,"fair_a":81.25,"fair_i":60.0,"fair_r":41.6667,"fair_zscore":0.9454,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":58.33,"has_llm":true,"taxonomy_version":"fair_taxonomy_v5","dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":61.11,"criteria":[{"key":"f_dataset_pid","label":"Persistent identifier for the data","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.0,"verdict":"no","evidence":null,"grounded":false,"rationale":"No PID-scheme string (DOI, Handle, ARK, or repository accession) and no data URL are provided for the dataset.","anchors":["RDA-F1-01D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a persistent identifier' (priorit","RDA-F1-02D — FAIR Data Maturity Model: 'Data is identified by a globally unique identifier'","FsF-F1-02D — F-UJI/FAIRsFAIR: 'Data is assigned a persistent identifier'"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_repository_named","label":"Named repository","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"The Lead-Tutor dataset can be found here: OSF.","grounded":true,"rationale":"OSF (Open Science Foundation) is a named, curated repository that issues accessions and commits to retention.","anchors":["RDA-F4-01M — FAIR Data Maturity Model: metadata is offered so it can be harvested and indexed (","NIH DMS Policy Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — name the repository where data will be archived","NSTC Desirable Characteristics of Data Repositories (2022) — 'Long-Term Sustainability', 'Reten"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","label":"Data-availability statement","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"The Lead-Tutor dataset can be found here: OSF.","grounded":true,"rationale":"The data availability statement names OSF as the location but does not provide an accession, DOI, or persistent link to a specific repository record. 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[majority verdict 'partial' (3/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["NIH DMS Plan Element 4 (NOT-OD-21-014) — Data Preservation, Access, and Associated Timelines","NSTC Desirable Characteristics (2022), Organizational Infrastructure: 'Retention Policy'","RDA-A2-01M — 'Metadata is guaranteed to remain available after data is no longer available'"],"scored":false,"signal":null}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":60.0,"criteria":[{"key":"i_open_nonproprietary_format","label":"Open file format","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"verdict":"yes","evidence":"converted from DICOM to NIfTI format","grounded":true,"rationale":"NIfTI is an open, community-standard neuroimaging format. [majority verdict 'yes' (4/5 passes agreed)]","anchors":["FsF-R1.3-02D — F-UJI: 'Data is available in a file format recommended by the target research co","RDA-R1.3-02D — data is expressed in a machine-understandable community standard","RDA-I1-01D — data uses a knowledge representation expressed in a standardised format"],"scored":true,"signal":null},{"key":"i_community_standard_vocabulary","label":"Community standard / vocabulary","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"verdict":"partial","evidence":"renamed into the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) standard","grounded":false,"rationale":"The paper names BIDS, a community standard for neuroimaging data organization. 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Cite the neuroimaging repository accession (e.g. from OpenNeuro or NeuroVault) in the reference list.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The Lead-Tutor dataset can be found here: OSF.","why":"The dataset identifier (the name 'OSF') appears only in body text and not as a reference-list entry. [majority verdict 'partial' (4/5 passes agreed)]","gain":4.17,"priority":"important","scored":true},{"key":"r_versioning","dimension":"R","label":"Snapshot identified","action":"Version the deposit and cite the exact version analysed (a version-specific DOI, or an accession with its version suffix). A reader reproducing your work against 'the current release' is reproducing it against a different dataset.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"No version token, release number, or date is provided for the dataset.","gain":4.17,"priority":"useful","scored":true},{"key":"f_data_availability_statement","dimension":"F","label":"Data-availability statement","action":"Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"The Lead-Tutor dataset can be found here: OSF.","why":"The data availability statement names OSF as the location but does not provide an accession, DOI, or persistent link to a specific repository record. 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A name is not a link: it cannot be resolved, versioned, or followed by a machine.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"no","current":0.0,"evidence":null,"why":"The paper does not provide an identifier (DOI, accession, RRID, or build ID) for any external resource it builds upon.","gain":0.0,"priority":"useful","scored":false},{"key":"a_timeline_retention","dimension":"A","label":"Availability timing & retention","action":"State when the data become available AND how long they will be retained — cite the repository's preservation policy. NIH DMS Element 4 asks for both; most papers give neither.","anchors":["yes","partial","no"],"verdict":"partial","current":0.5,"evidence":"the dataset is available through the Open Science Foundation (OSF) for open download.","why":"The text states current availability without any persistence commitment or retention period. 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Cite the neuroimaging repository accession (e.g. from OpenNeuro or NeuroVault) in the reference list.","Version the deposit and cite the exact version analysed (a version-specific DOI, or an accession with its version suffix). A reader reproducing your work against 'the current release' is reproducing it against a different dataset.","Replace the statement with the repository template: name the repository and give the accession or DOI (Colavizza category 3). This is the only DAS class associated with a measured citation advantage; 'available on reasonable request' and 'within the article' are not."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v8","fair_fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-07-20T13:52:00.204615Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}