{"doi":"10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007","title":"Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification","abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. Although now over 100 years old, the classification of climate originally formulated by Wladimir Köppen and modified by his collaborators and successors, is still in widespread use. It is widely used in teaching school and undergraduate courses on climate. It is also still in regular use by researchers across a range of disciplines as a basis for climatic regionalisation of variables and for assessing the output of global climate models. Here we have produced a new global map of climate using the Köppen-Geiger system based on a large global data set of long-term monthly precipitation and temperature station time series. Climatic variables used in the Köppen-Geiger system were calculated at each station and interpolated between stations using a two-dimensional (latitude and longitude) thin-plate spline with tension onto a 0.1°×0.1° grid for each continent. We discuss some problems in dealing with sites that are not uniquely classified into one climate type by the Köppen-Geiger system and assess the outcomes on a continent by continent basis. Globally the most common climate type by land area is BWh (14.2%, Hot desert) followed by Aw (11.5%, Tropical savannah). The updated world Köppen-Geiger climate map is freely available electronically in the Supplementary Material Section.</jats:p>","journal":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","year":2007,"id":5586,"datarank":17.28005855334644,"base_score":9.420358156071465,"endowment":9.420358156071465,"self_citation_contribution":1.41305372341072,"citation_network_contribution":15.867004829935718,"self_endowment_contribution":1.41305372341072,"citer_contribution":15.867004829935718,"corpus_percentile":90.88689991863303,"corpus_rank":113,"citation_count":12684,"citer_count":198,"citers_with_citation_signal":198,"citers_with_endowment":198,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":1.0,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2007-10-11","fair_score":31.25,"fair_percentile":12.708883025505717,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":54679,"name":"B. L. Finlayson","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":54680,"name":"T. A. McMahon","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":54681,"name":"Murray Peel","orcid":"0000-0002-3255-3692","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":54682,"name":"Brian Finlayson","orcid":"0000-0001-8708-3475","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":54683,"name":"Thomas A. McMahon","orcid":"0000-0002-8521-7190","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":54678,"name":"M. C. Peel","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":27,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":32.5,"fair_a":55.0,"fair_i":12.5,"fair_r":25.0,"fair_zscore":-1.2629,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":31.25,"has_llm":true,"dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":32.5,"criteria":[{"key":"f_has_doi","label":"Has a persistent DOI","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"DOI present","rationale":null},{"key":"f_repository_presence","label":"Indexed in repositories / literature DBs","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"datacite=0, pmcid=False, pmid=False","rationale":null},{"key":"f_persistent_ids","label":"Resolvable scholarly identifiers (OpenAlex)","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no OpenAlex id","rationale":null},{"key":"f_metadata_richness","label":"Rich, machine-readable metadata","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.25,"signal":null,"rationale":"The paper provides a human-readable description of the data and methods but lacks machine-readable metadata such as structured data dictionaries or formal metadata standards."}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":55.0,"criteria":[{"key":"a_open_access","label":"Open Access / files deposited","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.5,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"Open Access","rationale":null},{"key":"a_retrievable","label":"Free full text retrievable","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"0 OA location(s)","rationale":null},{"key":"a_access_protocol","label":"Clear data/code access protocol","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.5,"signal":null,"rationale":"The paper states the map and station data are freely available via a supplementary ZIP file, but does not specify a persistent identifier, repository, or clear access protocol beyond a URL."}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":12.5,"criteria":[{"key":"i_linked_data","label":"Linked datasets / DataCite relations","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"linked_datasets=0, datacite=0","rationale":null},{"key":"i_standard_ids","label":"References data via standard accessions","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"accessions=0, trials=0","rationale":null},{"key":"i_standards","label":"Standard formats, vocabularies & identifiers","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.25,"signal":null,"rationale":"The paper uses standard climate classification criteria and common file formats (ESRI Arc Grid, JPG), but does not employ formal community vocabularies, ontologies, or persistent identifiers for variables."}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":25.0,"criteria":[{"key":"r_license","label":"Clear, open reuse license","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no license","rationale":null},{"key":"r_downloads","label":"Demonstrated reuse (downloads)","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"downloads=0","rationale":null},{"key":"r_version","label":"Versioned / maintained","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no version chain","rationale":null},{"key":"r_dataset","label":"Classified as a data resource","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"is_dataset","rationale":null},{"key":"r_reusability","label":"Data-availability statement, license & reproducibility","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.333,"signal":null,"rationale":"The paper includes a Creative Commons license and provides data for download, but lacks a formal data-availability statement, explicit license for the data, and sufficient documentation for full reproducibility."}]}},"suggestions":["Provide machine-readable metadata (e.g., JSON-LD or XML) describing the dataset, variables, and units using standard vocabularies like CF conventions.","Deposit the data and code in a recognized repository with a persistent identifier (e.g., DOI) and include the identifier in the paper.","Add a formal data-availability statement specifying the license (e.g., CC-BY 4.0) and conditions for reuse.","Include a detailed codebook or README file with the supplementary data explaining all variables, units, and processing steps.","Use standard identifiers for climate types (e.g., URIs from a controlled vocabulary) to enhance interoperability."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v2","fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v2","fair_fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-06-18T00:24:35.826759Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}