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We used genomic structural equation modeling and prior genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of educational attainment (n = 1,131,881) and cognitive test performance (n = 257,841) to estimate SNP associations with educational attainment variation that is independent of cognitive ability. We identified 157 genome-wide-significant loci and a polygenic architecture accounting for 57% of genetic variance in educational attainment. Noncognitive genetics were enriched in the same brain tissues and cell types as cognitive performance, but showed different associations with gray-matter brain volumes. Noncognitive genetics were further distinguished by associations with personality traits, less risky behavior and increased risk for certain psychiatric disorders. For socioeconomic success and longevity, noncognitive and cognitive-performance genetics demonstrated associations of similar magnitude. By conducting a GWAS of a phenotype that was not directly measured, we offer a view of genetic architecture of noncognitive skills influencing educational success.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"19767382","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3178559312","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"5R01AG041868-02","title":"A Longitudinal Resource for Genetic Research in Behavioral & Health Sciences"},{"funder_name":"Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)","grant_id":"184.033.111","title":"BBMRI-NL2.0: The NL-Biobank Research Facility"},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"5R01HD092548-03","title":"Environmental, Genetic, and Epigenetic Mechanisms for Hormonal Change"},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of 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