{"doi":"10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1076","title":"Harmful algal blooms and red tide problems on the U.S. west coast","abstract":"<jats:p>On the U.S. west coast, the main toxin‐producing algal species are dinoflagellates in the genus <jats:italic>Alexandrium</jats:italic> that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and diatoms in the genus <jats:italic>Pseudo‐nitzschia</jats:italic> that produce domoic acid and cause domoic acid poisoning (DAP). Other harmful species, including the raphidophyte <jats:italic>Heterosigma akashiwo</jats:italic> and the diatoms <jats:italic>Chaetoceros convolutus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Chaetoceros concavicornis,</jats:italic> kill fish at aquaculture sites, but are not harmful to humans. Water discolorations (red tides) caused by nontoxic dinoflagellates also occur throughout the area. Early records, partially based on local native lore, suggest that algal toxins have been present along this coast for hundreds of years, but actual scientific information is sparse. We review what is now known about harmful algal blooms in this vast area, including the hydrographic regimes that induce and(or) support blooms, bloom dynamics, and the biology of the causative species.</jats:p>","journal":"Limnology and Oceanography","year":1997,"id":23847,"datarank":14.336139601677456,"base_score":5.926926025970411,"endowment":5.926926025970411,"self_citation_contribution":0.8890389038955617,"citation_network_contribution":13.447100697781893,"self_endowment_contribution":0.8890389038955617,"citer_contribution":13.447100697781893,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":374,"citer_count":200,"citers_with_citation_signal":200,"citers_with_endowment":200,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":144953,"name":"David L. Garrison","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":144954,"name":"F. Gerald Plumley","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":144952,"name":"Rita A. Horner","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":5.926926025970411,"endowment":5.926926025970411,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"24523987","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2115608009","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":3.8554,"citation_percentile":0.92353605,"influential_citations":22,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":23},{"year":2013,"count":22},{"year":2014,"count":13},{"year":2015,"count":18},{"year":2016,"count":15},{"year":2017,"count":12},{"year":2018,"count":16},{"year":2019,"count":14},{"year":2020,"count":19},{"year":2021,"count":17},{"year":2022,"count":16},{"year":2023,"count":13},{"year":2024,"count":7},{"year":2025,"count":19},{"year":2026,"count":7}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1076","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1076","host_type":"BRONZE"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1076","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.4319%2Flo.1997.42.5_part_2.1076","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1076","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1076","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.470.7243","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Marine Toxins and Detection Methods","Marine and coastal ecosystems","Environmental Chemistry and Analysis","Biology","Environmental Science"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Heterosigma akashiwo","Red tide","Domoic acid","Algal bloom","Chaetoceros","Biology","Alexandrium tamarense","Fishery","Phytoplankton","Fish kill","Marine toxin","Algae","Ecology","Oceanography","Toxin","Nutrient"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life below water"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-07T20:43:04.286746Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}