{"doi":"10.4314/ahs.v21i3.10","title":"Comparative incidence of adverse drug reaction during the first and subsequent year of antiretroviral therapy in a Nigerian HIV infected cohort","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Despite close to two decades of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Nigeria, data on late on-onset ART-associated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are sparse. OBJECTIVES: To describe early and late-onset ADRs and compare their incidence in an outpatient HIV positive Cohort on ART. METHOD: We described the incidence of clinical ADRs identified and documented in an outpatient clinic cohort of HIV-positive patients treated between June 2004 and December 2015 at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Incidence rates of ADRs during the first and subsequent years of ART were compared. RESULTS: of the 13,983 patients' data analyzed, 9317 were females (66%), and those in the age bracket of 25 to 45 years made up 78% of the studied population. During 52,411 person-years (py) of ART, 1485 incident ADRs were recorded; Incidence rate (IR) 28.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 26.9:29.8) ADRs per 1000 person-years (py) of ART. The IR of ADRs was about two times higher in the first year of ART compared to subsequent years of treatment; crude incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.77 (95% CI 1.59:1.97). Anemia, hypersensitivity reactions, and nervous system disorders had 7, 23, and 5 times higher incidence, respectively, in the first year of therapy, compared to subsequent years. CONCLUSION: The first year of ART is the period of highest risk of ADRs. Individual and programmatic treatment success in resource-limited settings requires strategies for early identification and management of ADR during the period of greatest risk of ADRs.","journal":"African Health Sciences","year":2021,"id":178807,"datarank":0.6218476213244786,"base_score":2.995732273553991,"endowment":2.995732273553991,"self_citation_contribution":0.4493598410330987,"citation_network_contribution":0.1724877802913799,"self_endowment_contribution":0.4493598410330987,"citer_contribution":0.1724877802913799,"corpus_percentile":68.23702328459812,"corpus_rank":4107,"citation_count":19,"citer_count":11,"citers_with_citation_signal":6,"citers_with_endowment":6,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.559,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":725312,"name":"Wetkos D Dayom","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":725313,"name":"Dauda Audi Dangiwa","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":724833,"name":"Roseline Iberi Aderemi-Williams","orcid":"0000-0001-5867-6431","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":724834,"name":"Joseph Anejo-Okopi","orcid":"0000-0003-1372-0608","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":411272,"name":"Oche Agbaji","orcid":"0000-0002-7060-3443","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":725314,"name":"Phyllis Kanki","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":589139,"name":"John Chinyere Aguiyi","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":724832,"name":"Isaac Okoh Abah","orcid":"0000-0003-1977-5570","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":42,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:47:40.592580Z","pmid":"35222564","pmcid":"PMC8843256","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}