{"doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.23-0118","title":"Seroprevalence of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus–1 in a Jamaican Antenatal Population and Assessment of Pooled Testing as a Cost Reduction Strategy for Implementation of Routine Antenatal Screening","abstract":"Mother to child transmission (MTCT) of human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1 is associated with increased risk of adult T-cell leukemia and can be unrecognized without routine antenatal screening. We assessed the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 among pregnant women attending The University Hospital of the West Indies Antenatal Clinic, 2019, and validated a cost-effective strategy to screen antenatal clinic attendees for HTLV-1/2. Residual antenatal samples from 370 women were tested for HTLV-1/2 by chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Six samples were confirmed HTLV-1 positive by Western blot (none for HTLV-2) for a prevalence of 1.62%. Four mother-child pairs were able to be recruited for HTLV testing of children, with two children testing HTLV-1/2 positive. Medical records of HTLV-1-infected women revealed that all women breastfed, indicating an unrecognized risk for HTLV MTCT. To assess whether pooling of samples as a cost-reduction strategy could be introduced, we pooled all antenatal samples received between November and December 2021 into 12 pools of eight samples/pool. Two pools were CMIA positive, and de-pooling of samples identified two CMIA-positive samples (one per pool), both confirmed as HTLV-1 by Western blot. These results indicate that HTLV-1 remains prevalent in pregnant Jamaican women and that sample pooling can be a cost-effective strategy to limit MTCT in Jamaica.","journal":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","year":2023,"id":367526,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":5,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9649,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1125588,"name":"Jenene Cameron","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":831631,"name":"Velesha Frater","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1125589,"name":"Kaesha Thomas","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":568902,"name":"Tiffany R. Butterfield","orcid":"0000-0001-8474-0046","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":816597,"name":"Michelle Campbell Mitchell","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1125590,"name":"Cathy Maddan","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1125591,"name":"Jacynth Moore","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1125592,"name":"Russell Pierre","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":248628,"name":"Gavin Cloherty","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":568911,"name":"Joshua J. Anzinger","orcid":"0000-0002-4541-4683","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":816594,"name":"Ynolde E. Leys","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":57,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:15:16.306414Z","pmid":"37871588","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}