{"doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.20-0417","title":"Validity of a Four-Item Household Water Insecurity Experiences Scale for Assessing Water Issues Related to Health and Well-Being","abstract":"We sought to determine whether a shortened version of the 12-item Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale, which measures water insecurity equivalently in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), is valid for broad use. Using data from 9,261 households in 25 LMICs, subsets of candidate items were evaluated on their predictive accuracy, criterion validity, and sensitivity-specificity. A subset with items assessing \"worry,\" \"changing plans,\" \"limited drinking water,\" and \"inability to wash hands\" because of problems with water (range: 0-12) were highly correlated with full HWISE Scale scores (correlation coefficient: 0.949-0.980) and introduced minimal additional error (root mean square error: 2.13-2.68). Criterion validity was demonstrated, and a cut point of ≥ 4 correctly classified more than 91% of households as water secure or insecure. The brief HWISE-4 can be used in LMICs to inform decisions about how to most effectively target resources and evaluate public health interventions.","journal":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","year":2020,"id":58928,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":70,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9494,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":288998,"name":"Joshua D. Miller","orcid":"0000-0002-2171-856X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":309194,"name":"Edward A. Frongillo","orcid":"0000-0002-8265-9815","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":309195,"name":"Godfred O. Boateng","orcid":"0000-0001-5898-6966","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":309196,"name":"Zeina Jamaluddine","orcid":"0000-0003-2074-9329","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":75618,"name":"Torsten B. Neilands","orcid":"0000-0001-7936-9123","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":288999,"name":"Sera L. Young","orcid":"0000-0002-1763-1218","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":11,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:07:33.416320Z","pmid":"33124535","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}