{"doi":"10.4236/ojs.2025.151005","title":"An Immediate Mortality Prediction Score That is Robust to Missing Data","abstract":"Objective: To develop an illness severity score that predicts short-term mortality, based on a small number of readily available measurements, and overcomes limitations of the SOFA score, for use in research involving large-scale electronic health records. Design: Retrospective analysis of electronic records for 37,739 adult inpatients. Setting: A single tertiary care hospital system from 2016-2022. Patients: 37,739 adult ICU patients. Interventions: IMPS was developed using logistic regression with the 6 SOFA components, age, sex and missingness indicators as predictors, and 10-day mortality as the outcome. This was compared with SOFA with median imputation. Measurements and Main Results: Discrimination was evaluated by AUROC, calibration by comparing predicted and observed mortality. IMPS showed excellent discrimination (AUROC 0.80) and calibration. It outperformed SOFA alone (AUROC 0.70) and with age/sex (0.74). Conclusions: By retaining continuous data, adding age, allowing for missingness, and optimizing weights based on empirical mortality association, IMPS achieved substantially better mortality prediction than the original SOFA.","journal":"Open Journal of Statistics","year":2025,"id":533392,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.7603,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":900383,"name":"Marta Bento Fernandes","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":280809,"name":"M. Brandon Westover","orcid":"0000-0003-4803-312X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":485320,"name":"Sahar F. Zafar","orcid":"0000-0001-5252-5376","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1415610,"name":"Tara M Westover","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":9,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:51:32.301795Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}