{"doi":"10.4149/av_2021_403","title":"In vitro assembly and evaluation of Nora virus VLPs","abstract":"Nora virus is a RNA picorna-like virus that produces a persistent infection in Drosophila melanogaster. The genome is approximately 12,300 bases and is divided into four open reading frames (ORFs). Structurally, there are four important viral proteins: VP3, VP4A, VP4B, and VP4C. Three proteins (VP4A, VP4B, and VP4C) that form the virion's capsid are encoded by ORF 4, which produces a polyprotein that is post-translationally cleaved. The fourth protein (VP3) is encoded by ORF 3 and it is hypothesized to play a role in virion stability. The genes for these proteins were individually cloned into Escherichia coli, expressed, and the proteins were purified. Virus-like particles (VLPs) were assembled in vitro by mixing the proteins together in different combinations and measured via electron microscopy. Assemblies that contained VP4A and/or VP3 created VLPs with similar sizes to purified empty Nora virus capsids, potentially indicating that VP4A and/or VP3 are vital for Nora virus capsid structure, assembly, and/or stability. Not only does this study provide insight into the role of Nora virus proteins, but it may also lead to a deeper understanding of how Nora virus or other picorna-like viruses undergo assembly. Keywords: RNA viruses; Nora virus; picorna-like virus; virus-like particles; capsid assembly.","journal":"Acta Virologica","year":2021,"id":212368,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9343,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":803095,"name":"Darby J. Carlson","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":803096,"name":"Ryan Sowle","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":380661,"name":"Kimberly A. Carlson","orcid":"0000-0002-0850-361X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":803094,"name":"Kellie D. Licking-Murray","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:52:27.434608Z","pmid":"34796712","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}