{"doi":"10.4102/aveh.v83i1.951","title":"Normative values for retinal parameters in a Ghanaian clinical population at risk for glaucoma","abstract":"<jats:p>Background: There is rarity of normative data on retinal parameters associated with glaucoma in Ghanaians.\n\nAim: This study aimed to provide normative data on retinal parameters associated with glaucoma in an at-risk Ghanaian clinical population.\n\nSetting: The study was conducted at the Eye Clinic of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana.\n\nMethods: Ophthalmic data were obtained from 338 eyes of 116 males and 222 females (mean age: 61.86 ± 9.54 years, range: 45–89 years). The participants underwent eye examinations including visual acuity measurement using the Snellen chart at 6 m, auto-refraction using the Retinomax K+ Screen Hand-Held Autorefractor Keratometer, Goldmann applanation tonometry, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus examination using a 90D Volks lens, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) using the Zeiss Cirrus HD OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, United States). Height and weight of participants were measured using a measuring tape and a weighing scale, respectively.\n\nResults: Mean ± standard deviation values for retinal parameters were: global peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (ppRNFL) = 96.11 ± 9.87 µm, global macula ganglion cell complex (mGCC) = 80.91 ± 5.61 µm, optic disc area = 2.05 ± 0.39 mm2, rim area = 1.52 ± 0.27 mm2, cup volume = 0.13 ± 0.12 mm3, average cup to disc ratio (ACDR) = 0.47 ± 0.15 and vertical cup to disc ratio (VCDR) = 0.44 ± 0.14.\n\nConclusion: Thicker ppRNFL and mGCC may delay diagnosis of pre-perimetric glaucoma in Ghanaians, while larger ACDR and VCDR measurements may lead to glaucoma misdiagnosis.\n\nContribution: This study established normative values for retinal parameters associated with glaucoma in Ghanaians.</jats:p>","journal":"African Vision and Eye Health","year":2024,"id":622525,"datarank":0.20794415416798362,"base_score":1.3862943611198906,"endowment":1.3862943611198906,"self_citation_contribution":0.20794415416798362,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.20794415416798362,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":35.0,"corpus_rank":8473,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":442104,"name":"Khathutshelo Percy Mashige","orcid":"0000-0001-8199-0891","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":477713,"name":"Alvin J. Munsamy","orcid":"0000-0003-4252-1317","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1608532,"name":"Doreen Nelson-Ayifah","orcid":"0000-0002-3158-9327","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Normative values for retinal parameters in a Ghanaian clinical population at risk for glaucoma","abstract":"<jats:p>Background: There is rarity of normative data on retinal parameters associated with glaucoma in Ghanaians.\n\nAim: This study aimed to provide normative data on retinal parameters associated with glaucoma in an at-risk Ghanaian clinical population.\n\nSetting: The study was conducted at the Eye Clinic of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana.\n\nMethods: Ophthalmic data were obtained from 338 eyes of 116 males and 222 females (mean age: 61.86 ± 9.54 years, range: 45–89 years). The participants underwent eye examinations including visual acuity measurement using the Snellen chart at 6 m, auto-refraction using the Retinomax K+ Screen Hand-Held Autorefractor Keratometer, Goldmann applanation tonometry, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus examination using a 90D Volks lens, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) using the Zeiss Cirrus HD OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, United States). Height and weight of participants were measured using a measuring tape and a weighing scale, respectively.\n\nResults: Mean ± standard deviation values for retinal parameters were: global peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (ppRNFL) = 96.11 ± 9.87 µm, global macula ganglion cell complex (mGCC) = 80.91 ± 5.61 µm, optic disc area = 2.05 ± 0.39 mm2, rim area = 1.52 ± 0.27 mm2, cup volume = 0.13 ± 0.12 mm3, average cup to disc ratio (ACDR) = 0.47 ± 0.15 and vertical cup to disc ratio (VCDR) = 0.44 ± 0.14.\n\nConclusion: Thicker ppRNFL and mGCC may delay diagnosis of pre-perimetric glaucoma in Ghanaians, while larger ACDR and VCDR measurements may lead to glaucoma misdiagnosis.\n\nContribution: This study established normative values for retinal parameters associated with glaucoma in Ghanaians.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.3862943611198906,"endowment":1.3862943611198906,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"19767382","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4404883123","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.799,"citation_percentile":0.72987109,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2025,"count":1},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://avehjournal.org/index.php/aveh/article/download/951/2643","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://avehjournal.org/index.php/aveh/article/download/951/2643","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://avehjournal.org/index.php/aveh/article/viewFile/951/2639","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://avehjournal.org/index.php/aveh/article/viewFile/951/2640","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://avehjournal.org/index.php/aveh/article/viewFile/951/2641","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://avehjournal.org/index.php/aveh/article/viewFile/951/2643","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://avehjournal.org/index.php/aveh/article/view/951/2643","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v83i1.951","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/d40203d06ecd491dbdc481b103c07fc3","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Retinal Imaging and Analysis","Retinal and Optic Conditions","Glaucoma and retinal disorders"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Glaucoma","Normative","Optometry","Population","Ophthalmology","Retinal","Medicine","Psychology","Political science","Environmental health","Law"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-03T19:57:46.983763Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}