{"doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.2400193","title":"CD9 and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Are Markers of Human CD19+CD14+ Atypical B Cells and Are Dysregulated in Systemic Lupus Erythematous Disease","abstract":"Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor whose expression regulates immune cell differentiation. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling was used to ascertain the heterogeneity of AHR expression in human B cell subpopulations. We identified a unique population of B cells marked by expression of AHR, CD9, and myeloid genes such as CD14 and CXCL8. Results were confirmed directly in human PBMCs and purified B cells at the protein level. TLR9 signaling induced CD14, CD9, and IL-8 protein expression in CD19+ B cells. CD14-expressing CD9+ B cells also highly expressed AHR and atypical B cell markers such as CD11c and TBET. In patients with active lupus disease, CD14+ and CD9+ B cells are dysregulated, with loss of CD9+ B cells strongly predicting disease severity and demonstrating the relevance of CD9+ B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune disease.","journal":"The Journal of Immunology","year":2024,"id":461337,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9561,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1050596,"name":"D M Isha Olive Khan","orcid":"0000-0002-8314-3634","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":666082,"name":"Robert B. Crawford","orcid":"0000-0002-8507-1021","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":651384,"name":"Christine J. O’Neill","orcid":"0000-0002-3122-8660","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":666081,"name":"Anthony Bach","orcid":"0000-0002-7571-4257","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1289835,"name":"Jiajun Zhou","orcid":"0009-0006-7149-2382","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":627655,"name":"Peer W. F. Karmaus","orcid":"0000-0002-2651-0899","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":387713,"name":"Dennis C. Ang","orcid":"0000-0003-4161-5688","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1097620,"name":"Rupak Thapa","orcid":"0000-0003-0486-2305","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":666083,"name":"Norbert E. Kaminski","orcid":"0000-0002-2144-428X","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":593507,"name":"Lance K. Blevins","orcid":"0000-0002-8911-8843","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":74,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:04:12.271488Z","pmid":"39212542","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}