{"doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.2101123","title":"Distinct Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnant Women","abstract":"Pregnant women are at increased risk of adverse outcomes, including preeclampsia and preterm birth, that may result from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Pregnancy imprints specific maternal immune responses that can modulate host susceptibility to microbial infection; therefore, recent studies have focused on the humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women. However, the pregnancy-specific cellular immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection are poorly understood. In this study, we undertook an extensive in vitro investigation to determine the cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 particles and proteins/peptides in pregnant women. First, we show that SARS-CoV-2 particles do not alter the pregnancy-specific oxidative burst of neutrophils and monocytes. Yet, SARS-CoV-2 particles/proteins shift monocyte activation from the classical to intermediate states in pregnant, but not in nonpregnant, women. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 proteins, but not particles or peptide pools, mildly enhance T cell activation during pregnancy. As expected, B cell phenotypes are heavily modulated by SARS-CoV-2 particles in all women; yet, pregnancy itself further modified such responses in these adaptive immune cells. Lastly, we report that pregnancy itself governs cytokine responses in the maternal circulation, of which IFN-β and IL-8 were diminished upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Collectively, these findings highlight the differential in vitro responses to SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant and nonpregnant women and shed light on the immune mechanisms implicated in coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy.","journal":"The Journal of Immunology","year":2022,"id":251742,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":24,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9481,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":236857,"name":"Roberto Romero","orcid":"0000-0002-4448-5121","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":586126,"name":"Tao Li","orcid":"0000-0003-1531-358X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":633479,"name":"Meyer Gershater","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":239012,"name":"Yaozhu Leng","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":334159,"name":"Chengrui Zou","orcid":"0000-0001-8983-7613","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":703134,"name":"Marcelo Farías","orcid":"0000-0003-0473-2295","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275422,"name":"José Galaz","orcid":"0000-0002-8160-8581","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":275420,"name":"Derek Miller","orcid":"0000-0002-5812-7771","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236858,"name":"Adi L. 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