{"doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.2100135","title":"Cutting Edge: Distinct B Cell Repertoires Characterize Patients with Mild and Severe COVID-19","abstract":"Protective immunity against COVID-19 likely depends on the production of SARS-CoV-2-specific plasma cells and memory B cells postinfection or postvaccination. Previous work has found that germinal center reactions are disrupted in severe COVID-19. This may adversely affect long-term immunity against reinfection. Consistent with an extrafollicular B cell response, patients with severe COVID-19 have elevated frequencies of clonally expanded, class-switched, unmutated plasmablasts. However, it is unclear whether B cell populations in individuals with mild COVID-19 are similarly skewed. In this study, we use single-cell RNA sequencing of B cells to show that in contrast to patients with severe COVID-19, subjects with mildly symptomatic COVID-19 have B cell repertoires enriched for clonally diverse, somatically hypermutated memory B cells ∼30 d after the onset of symptoms. This provides evidence that B cell responses are less disrupted in mild COVID-19 and result in the production of memory B cells.","journal":"The Journal of Immunology","year":2021,"id":162736,"datarank":0.5775221402565088,"base_score":3.8501476017100584,"endowment":3.8501476017100584,"self_citation_contribution":0.5775221402565088,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5775221402565088,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":46,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9541,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":680348,"name":"Palaniappan Ramanathan","orcid":"0000-0001-8121-7647","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":555954,"name":"Avraham Unterman","orcid":"0000-0003-0965-3326","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":49152,"name":"Tomokazu S. Sumida","orcid":"0000-0002-9806-2642","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":622264,"name":"Hiromitsu Asashima","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":37332,"name":"David A. Hafler","orcid":"0000-0003-4664-535X","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":12162,"name":"Naftali Kaminski","orcid":"0000-0001-5917-4601","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105837,"name":"Charles S. Dela Cruz","orcid":"0000-0002-5258-1797","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":34969,"name":"Stuart C. Sealfon","orcid":"0000-0001-5791-1217","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":235604,"name":"Alexander Bukreyev","orcid":"0000-0002-0342-4824","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":6493,"name":"Steven H. Kleinstein","orcid":"0000-0003-4957-1544","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":255166,"name":"Kenneth B. Hoehn","orcid":"0000-0003-0411-4307","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":25,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:45:05.641178Z","pmid":"34049971","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}