{"doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.2001420","title":"Evaluation of Cellular and Serological Responses to Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection Demonstrates the Functional Importance of the Receptor-Binding Domain","abstract":"The factors that control the development of an effective immune response to the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 virus are poorly understood. In this study, we provide a cross-sectional analysis of the dynamics of B cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We observe changes in B cell subsets consistent with a robust humoral immune response, including significant expansion of plasmablasts and activated receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific memory B cell populations. We observe elevated titers of Abs to SARS-CoV-2 RBD, full-length Spike, and nucleoprotein over the course of infection, with higher levels of RBD-specific IgG correlating with increased serum neutralization. Depletion of RBD-specific Abs from serum removed a major portion of neutralizing activity in most individuals. Some donors did retain significant residual neutralization activity, suggesting a potential Ab subset targeting non-RBD epitopes. Taken together, these findings are instructive for future vaccine design and mAb strategies.","journal":"The Journal of Immunology","year":2021,"id":189944,"datarank":0.40620753016533157,"base_score":2.70805020110221,"endowment":2.70805020110221,"self_citation_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.40620753016533157,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":14,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9513,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":226155,"name":"Lindsay E. Nyhoff","orcid":"0000-0001-5767-6122","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226152,"name":"Robert C. Kauffman","orcid":"0000-0003-4931-5903","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":218084,"name":"Venkata Viswanadh Edara","orcid":"0000-0001-9321-7839","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":383168,"name":"Lilin Lai","orcid":"0000-0002-9528-6990","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":218085,"name":"Katharine Floyd","orcid":"0000-0002-0866-6961","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":38215,"name":"Pei‐Yong Shi","orcid":"0000-0001-5553-1616","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":105316,"name":"Vineet D. Menachery","orcid":"0000-0001-8803-7606","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106174,"name":"Srilatha Edupuganti","orcid":"0000-0001-6566-9969","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226165,"name":"Erin M. Scherer","orcid":"0000-0002-8794-1932","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":753392,"name":"Ariel Kay","orcid":"0000-0003-4338-7017","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":622372,"name":"Nina McNair","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":94484,"name":"Evan J. Anderson","orcid":"0000-0002-1576-4420","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":104987,"name":"Nadine Rouphael","orcid":"0000-0002-2512-7919","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226172,"name":"Rafi Ahmed","orcid":"0000-0002-9591-2621","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106937,"name":"Mehul S. Suthar","orcid":"0000-0002-2686-8380","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226174,"name":"Jens Wrammert","orcid":"0000-0002-1733-4424","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":229367,"name":"Grace Mantus","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:22.671571Z","pmid":"33952616","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}