{"doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.1901135","title":"Murine Glucocorticoid Receptors Orchestrate B Cell Migration Selectively between Bone Marrow and Blood","abstract":"Abstract Glucocorticoids promote CXCR4 expression by T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils, but it is not known if glucocorticoids regulate CXCR4 in B cells. Considering the important contributions of CXCR4 to B cell development and function, we investigated the glucocorticoid/CXCR4 axis in mice. We demonstrate that glucocorticoids upregulate CXCR4 mRNA and protein in mouse B cells. Using a novel strain of mice lacking glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) specifically in B cells, we show that reduced CXCR4 expression associated with GR deficiency results in impaired homing of mature B cells to bone marrow, whereas migration to other lymphoid tissues is independent of B cell GRs. The exchange of mature B cells between blood and bone marrow is sensitive to small, physiologic changes in glucocorticoid activity, as evidenced by the lack of circadian rhythmicity in GR-deficient B cell counts normally associated with diurnal patterns of glucocorticoid secretion. B cellGRKO mice mounted normal humoral responses to immunizations with T-dependent and T-independent (Type 1) Ags, but Ab responses to a multivalent T-independent (Type 2) Ag were impaired, a surprise finding considering the immunosuppressive properties commonly attributed to glucocorticoids. We propose that endogenous glucocorticoids regulate a dynamic mode of B cell migration specialized for rapid exchange between bone marrow and blood, perhaps as a means to optimize humoral immunity during diurnal periods of activity.","journal":"The Journal of Immunology","year":2020,"id":98537,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":31,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9591,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":315441,"name":"Carl D. Bortner","orcid":"0000-0002-5444-6628","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":476217,"name":"David Díaz-Jiménez","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":475275,"name":"Maria Grazia Petrillo","orcid":"0000-0001-5999-9355","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":486236,"name":"Amanda Gruver-Yates","orcid":"0000-0003-0759-3569","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":267572,"name":"John A. Cidlowski","orcid":"0000-0003-1420-0516","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":267571,"name":"Derek W. Cain","orcid":"0000-0002-5988-6729","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":41,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:36:58.511143Z","pmid":"32571841","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}