{"doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.176.11.6973","title":"Maintenance of HIV-Specific CD4+ T Cell Help Distinguishes HIV-2 from HIV-1 Infection","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Unlike HIV-1-infected people, most HIV-2-infected subjects maintain a healthy CD4+ T cell count and a strong HIV-specific CD4+ T cell response. To define the cellular immunological correlates of good prognosis in HIV-2 infection, we conducted a cross-sectional study of HIV Gag-specific T cell function in HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected Gambians. Using cytokine flow cytometry and lymphoproliferation assays, we show that HIV-specific CD4+ T cells from HIV-2-infected individuals maintained proliferative capacity, were not terminally differentiated (CD57−), and more frequently produced IFN-γ or IL-2 than CD4+ T cells from HIV-1-infected donors. Polyfunctional (IFN-γ+/IL-2+) HIV-specific CD4+ T cells were found exclusively in HIV-2+ donors. The disparity in CD4+ T cell responses between asymptomatic HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected subjects was not associated with differences in the proliferative capacity of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. This study demonstrates that HIV-2-infected donors have a well-preserved and functionally heterogeneous HIV-specific memory CD4+ T cell response that is associated with delayed disease progression in the majority of infected people.</jats:p>","journal":"The Journal of Immunology","year":2006,"id":626707,"datarank":0.6952093482344455,"base_score":4.634728988229636,"endowment":4.634728988229636,"self_citation_contribution":0.6952093482344455,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6952093482344455,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":102,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":704309,"name":"Assan Jaye","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1324252,"name":"Tao Dong","orcid":"0000-0001-7462-528X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1621237,"name":"Jason M Brenchley","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1621238,"name":"Abraham S Alabi","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1621239,"name":"David J Jeffries","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":729439,"name":"Marianne van der Sande","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1621240,"name":"Toyin O Togun","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1621241,"name":"Samuel J McConkey","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1621242,"name":"Daniel C Douek","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1542305,"name":"Andrew J McMichael","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1621243,"name":"Hilton C Whittle","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1621244,"name":"Richard A Koup","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1621245,"name":"Sarah L Rowland-Jones","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1621236,"name":"Melody G Duvall","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Maintenance of HIV-Specific CD4+ T Cell Help Distinguishes HIV-2 from HIV-1 Infection","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Unlike HIV-1-infected people, most HIV-2-infected subjects maintain a healthy CD4+ T cell count and a strong HIV-specific CD4+ T cell response. To define the cellular immunological correlates of good prognosis in HIV-2 infection, we conducted a cross-sectional study of HIV Gag-specific T cell function in HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected Gambians. Using cytokine flow cytometry and lymphoproliferation assays, we show that HIV-specific CD4+ T cells from HIV-2-infected individuals maintained proliferative capacity, were not terminally differentiated (CD57−), and more frequently produced IFN-γ or IL-2 than CD4+ T cells from HIV-1-infected donors. Polyfunctional (IFN-γ+/IL-2+) HIV-specific CD4+ T cells were found exclusively in HIV-2+ donors. The disparity in CD4+ T cell responses between asymptomatic HIV-1- and HIV-2-infected subjects was not associated with differences in the proliferative capacity of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. This study demonstrates that HIV-2-infected donors have a well-preserved and functionally heterogeneous HIV-specific memory CD4+ T cell response that is associated with delayed disease progression in the majority of infected people.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.634728988229636,"endowment":4.634728988229636,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"16709858","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2144888612","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Medical Research Council","grant_id":"MC_U190081958","title":null},{"funder_name":"Medical Research Council","grant_id":"MC_U137884180","title":null},{"funder_name":"Medical Research Council","grant_id":"MC_U190081962","title":null}],"total_grants":3,"fwci":3.5631,"citation_percentile":0.94072986,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":4},{"year":2013,"count":7},{"year":2014,"count":5},{"year":2015,"count":3},{"year":2016,"count":2},{"year":2017,"count":3},{"year":2018,"count":2},{"year":2019,"count":6},{"year":2021,"count":3},{"year":2022,"count":3},{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":4},{"year":2025,"count":2},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article-pdf/176/11/6973/1213448/6973.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article-pdf/176/11/6973/1213448/6973.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-pdf/176/11/6973/62642401/6973.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.176.11.6973","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16709858","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["HIV Research and Treatment","Immune Cell Function and Interaction","T-cell and B-cell Immunology"],"mesh_terms":["Cell Differentiation","Cross-Sectional Studies","Humans","Interferon-gamma","Interleukin-2","Intracellular Fluid","CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes","HIV-1","HIV-2","HIV Infections","Gene Products, gag","CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes","Disease Progression","CD4 Lymphocyte Count","CD57 Antigens","Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte","HIV Long-Term Survivors","Cell Proliferation"],"keywords":["Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","Virology","Cd4 t cell","Biology","Medicine","Immunology","T cell","Immune system"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-04T14:54:39.478972Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}