{"doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.140.5.1588","title":"Inhibition of the alternative pathway of human complement by structural analogues of sialic acid.","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Liposomes were used to determine whether gangliosides containing certain structurally defined analogues of sialic acid could inhibit activation of the alternative pathway of human C. Gangliosides containing sialic acid residues with modifications in the N-acetyl group, carboxyl group, or polyhydroxylated tail were either isolated from natural sources or prepared by chemical modification of the native sialic acid structure. Sialic acid lost more than 90% of its inhibitory activity after removal of just the C9 carbon from the polyhydroxylated tail. Sialic acid was also unable to inhibit activation after converting the carboxyl group to a hydroxymethyl group. Galactose oxidase/NaB3H4 treatment of liposomes containing gangliosides with native or modified sialic acid residues confirmed that neither modification altered the amount of gangliosides exposed at the liposome surface. Changing the N-linked acetyl group to a glycolyl group had no effect on the inhibitory activity of sialic acid. These data further define the structural features of sialic acid that are important in regulation of alternative pathway activation. Both the C9 carbon of the polyhydroxylated tail and the carboxyl group are essential for this function; whereas, the N-linked acetyl group may be modified without loss of activity.</jats:p>","journal":"The Journal of Immunology","year":1988,"id":674926,"datarank":0.6190701577567639,"base_score":4.127134385045092,"endowment":4.127134385045092,"self_citation_contribution":0.6190701577567639,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6190701577567639,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":61,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1613121,"name":"C Mold","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1763437,"name":"E G Bremer","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1763436,"name":"M T Michalek","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Inhibition of the alternative pathway of human complement by structural analogues of sialic acid.","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Liposomes were used to determine whether gangliosides containing certain structurally defined analogues of sialic acid could inhibit activation of the alternative pathway of human C. Gangliosides containing sialic acid residues with modifications in the N-acetyl group, carboxyl group, or polyhydroxylated tail were either isolated from natural sources or prepared by chemical modification of the native sialic acid structure. Sialic acid lost more than 90% of its inhibitory activity after removal of just the C9 carbon from the polyhydroxylated tail. Sialic acid was also unable to inhibit activation after converting the carboxyl group to a hydroxymethyl group. Galactose oxidase/NaB3H4 treatment of liposomes containing gangliosides with native or modified sialic acid residues confirmed that neither modification altered the amount of gangliosides exposed at the liposome surface. Changing the N-linked acetyl group to a glycolyl group had no effect on the inhibitory activity of sialic acid. These data further define the structural features of sialic acid that are important in regulation of alternative pathway activation. Both the C9 carbon of the polyhydroxylated tail and the carboxyl group are essential for this function; whereas, the N-linked acetyl group may be modified without loss of activity.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.127134385045092,"endowment":4.127134385045092,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"3346543","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W1484395788","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIAID NIH HHS","grant_id":"AI24720","title":null},{"funder_name":"NCI NIH HHS","grant_id":"CA41390","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":1.269,"citation_percentile":0.78921509,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2013,"count":1},{"year":2014,"count":2},{"year":2015,"count":1},{"year":2016,"count":1},{"year":2017,"count":3},{"year":2018,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":1},{"year":2021,"count":2},{"year":2022,"count":2},{"year":2023,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-pdf/140/5/1588/62359883/1588.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.140.5.1588","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3346543","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research","Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis","Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research"],"mesh_terms":["Binding, Competitive","Borohydrides","Carbohydrate Conformation","Complement Activation","Complement Pathway, Alternative","Complement C3b Inactivator Proteins","G(M1) Ganglioside","Humans","Hydroxylation","Liposomes","Sialic Acids","Structure-Activity Relationship","N-Acetylneuraminic Acid"],"keywords":["Sialic acid","Biochemistry","Chemistry","Galactose oxidase","Galactose","Ganglioside","Chemical structure","Organic chemistry"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-16T18:55:58.567712Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}