{"doi":"10.4049/jimmunol.0900390","title":"HMGB1 Enhances the Proinflammatory Activity of Lipopolysaccharide by Promoting the Phosphorylation of MAPK p38 through Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein was originally characterized as a nuclear DNA-binding protein, and was described to have an extracellular role when involved in cellular activation and proinflammatory responses. In the present study, we have found that the proinflammatory activity of recombinant HMGB1 proteins is determined by the containing endotoxin level, and HMGB1 that contains few endotoxins fails to stimulate macrophages to secrete proinflammatory cytokines. HMGB1 acts as a ligand of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and works in synergy with LPS in activating the macrophages in vitro. In vivo, intra-articular injections of HMGB1 act in synergy with LPS to induce experimental arthritis in mice. HMGB1 promotes the phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and the activation of NF-κB through RAGE, and then enhances the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. These results demonstrate that HMGB1 enhances the proinflammatory activity of LPS by promoting the phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and by the activation of NF-κB through RAGE.</jats:p>","journal":"The Journal of Immunology","year":2009,"id":600384,"datarank":0.8144018443431663,"base_score":5.429345628954441,"endowment":5.429345628954441,"self_citation_contribution":0.8144018443431663,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.8144018443431663,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":227,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1539196,"name":"Sheng-Ming Dai","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1539197,"name":"Gu-Sheng Tang","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106134,"name":"Jun Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-1289-0624","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":396121,"name":"Ding Ren","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1539198,"name":"Zhi-Wei Wang","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":399358,"name":"Qian Shen","orcid":"0000-0002-9001-7636","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1539195,"name":"Yang-Hua Qin","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"HMGB1 Enhances the Proinflammatory Activity of Lipopolysaccharide by Promoting the Phosphorylation of MAPK p38 through Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:p>High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein was originally characterized as a nuclear DNA-binding protein, and was described to have an extracellular role when involved in cellular activation and proinflammatory responses. In the present study, we have found that the proinflammatory activity of recombinant HMGB1 proteins is determined by the containing endotoxin level, and HMGB1 that contains few endotoxins fails to stimulate macrophages to secrete proinflammatory cytokines. HMGB1 acts as a ligand of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and works in synergy with LPS in activating the macrophages in vitro. In vivo, intra-articular injections of HMGB1 act in synergy with LPS to induce experimental arthritis in mice. HMGB1 promotes the phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and the activation of NF-κB through RAGE, and then enhances the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. These results demonstrate that HMGB1 enhances the proinflammatory activity of LPS by promoting the phosphorylation of MAPK p38 and by the activation of NF-κB through RAGE.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":5.429345628954441,"endowment":5.429345628954441,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"19890065","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2097236514","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":9.0685,"citation_percentile":0.98728044,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":19},{"year":2013,"count":14},{"year":2014,"count":24},{"year":2015,"count":30},{"year":2016,"count":14},{"year":2017,"count":12},{"year":2018,"count":11},{"year":2019,"count":21},{"year":2020,"count":12},{"year":2021,"count":10},{"year":2022,"count":18},{"year":2023,"count":7},{"year":2024,"count":4},{"year":2025,"count":3},{"year":2026,"count":5}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article-pdf/183/10/6244/1281792/zim02209006244.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/article-pdf/183/10/6244/1281792/zim02209006244.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/jimmunol/article-pdf/183/10/6244/62690861/9868.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0900390","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19890065","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Advanced Glycation End Products research","Immune Response and Inflammation","Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms"],"mesh_terms":["Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products","Animals","Anthracenes","Arthritis, Experimental","Enzyme Inhibitors","Female","Flavonoids","Imidazoles","Lipopolysaccharides","Mice, Inbred C57BL","Mice, Inbred DBA","Phosphorylation","Pyridines","Receptors, Immunologic","Up-Regulation","Cytokines","Glycation End Products, Advanced","Macrophages, Peritoneal","Mice, Knockout","HMGB1 Protein","p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases","Toll-Like Receptor 2","Toll-Like Receptor 4","Mice"],"keywords":["Proinflammatory cytokine","HMGB1","Rage (emotion)","p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases","Phosphorylation","Glycation","MAPK/ERK pathway","Cell biology","Chemistry","Inflammation","Receptor","Cancer research","Immunology","Biology","Biochemistry"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-29T13:01:27.418614Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}