{"doi":"10.4049/immunohorizons.2000056","title":"Lipid Microbubble–Conjugated Anti-CD3 and Anti-CD28 Antibodies (Microbubble-Based Human T Cell Activator) Offer Superior Long-Term Expansion of Human Naive T Cells In Vitro","abstract":"Abstract Stimulation of human primary T cells with immobilized anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs in vitro provide a system to study T cell activation and proliferation and an avenue for expanding T cells for immunotherapy. Magnetic beads conjugated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs (Dynabeads Human T-Activator [D-TCA]) have been a golden standard for stimulating human primary T cells in vitro. In this study, we report that an application using anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Abs conjugated on lipid microbubbles (microbubble-based human T cell activator [MB-TCA]) to stimulate primary human naive T cells resulted in expansion superior to D-TCA. In 56-d cultures with three repeated stimulation cycles (14 d per stimulation), we found that 1) MB-TCA induced significantly better expansion (20- and 10-fold increase) of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than did D-TCA; 2) MB-TCA– and D-TCA–stimulated T cells had a similar number of initial cell divisions, but MB-TCA had significantly lower activation-induced cell death than D-TCA; 3) MB-TCA–stimulated T cells produced less TNF-α than did D-TCA; and 4) blocking TNF-α action via adding an Ab against TNF-αR (TNFRSF1A) significantly improved expansion of T cells activated by D-TCA in vitro. Together, we demonstrated that the MB-TCA induces a better expansion of human naive T cells in vitro and offers advantages in both basic and clinical applications in which the outcome depends on the number of T cells.","journal":"ImmunoHorizons","year":2020,"id":81314,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":14,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9568,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":421399,"name":"Ty’Keemi Manor","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":420558,"name":"Guixin Shi","orcid":"0000-0002-4771-3206","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":370807,"name":"Jiangyuan Li","orcid":"0000-0002-2147-5908","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":353876,"name":"Ying-Ting Wang","orcid":"0000-0003-3343-1555","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":254759,"name":"Yang An","orcid":"0000-0002-3312-7265","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":421400,"name":"Yu‐Tsueng Liu","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":420559,"name":"Nan‐ping Weng","orcid":"0000-0001-8175-8953","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":420557,"name":"Ana Lustig","orcid":"0000-0002-3204-4505","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":33,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:52:34.401799Z","pmid":"32769179","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}