{"doi":"10.3899/jrheum.210087","title":"Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk in Pregnant Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by comparing pregnancies in women with SLE to general population controls. METHODS: We identified singleton pregnancies among women with SLE and general population controls in the Swedish Medical Birth Register (MBR; 2006-2016), sampled from the population-based Swedish Lupus Linkage (SLINK) cohort (1987-2012). SLE was defined by ≥ 2 International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-coded visits in the National Patient Register (NPR) and MBR, with ≥ 1 visit before pregnancy. GDM was defined by ≥ 1 ICD-coded visit in the NPR or MBR. Glucocorticoid (GC) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) dispensations within 6 months before and during pregnancy were identified in the Prescribed Drug Register. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs of GDM associated with SLE were estimated using modified Poisson regression models, stratified by parity and adjusted for maternal age at delivery, year of birth, and obesity. RESULTS: We identified 695 SLE pregnancies including 18 (2.6%) with GDM and 4644 non-SLE pregnancies including 65 (1.4%) with GDM. Adjusted RRs of GDM associated with SLE were 1.11 (95% CI 0.38-3.27) for first deliveries and 2.03 (95% CI 1.21-3.40) for all deliveries. Among SLE pregnancies, GDM occurred in 7/306 (2.3%) with ≥ 1 GC before and/or during pregnancy, 11/389 (2.8%) without GC, 7/287 (2.4%) with ≥ 1 HCQ before and/or during pregnancy, and in 11/408 (2.7%) without HCQ. CONCLUSION: When looking at all deliveries, SLE was associated with a 2-fold higher risk of GDM. GDM occurrence did not differ by GC or HCQ.","journal":"The Journal of Rheumatology","year":2021,"id":181652,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":16,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.891,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":249439,"name":"Julia F. Simard","orcid":"0000-0001-5735-9856","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":732703,"name":"Anna‐Karin Wikström","orcid":"0000-0001-6431-3303","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":392721,"name":"Elisabet Svenungsson","orcid":"0000-0003-3396-3244","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":732704,"name":"Elizabeth V. Arkema","orcid":"0000-0002-3677-9736","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":732702,"name":"Sofie A. M. Gernaat","orcid":"0000-0001-7828-1138","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":15,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:48:05.146883Z","pmid":"34853085","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}