{"doi":"10.34133/2021/9864212","title":"3D Bioprinted Spheroidal Droplets for Engineering the Heterocellular Coupling between Cardiomyocytes and Cardiac Fibroblasts","abstract":"Since conventional human cardiac two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and multilayered three-dimensional (3D) models fail in recapitulating cellular complexity and possess inferior translational capacity, we designed and developed a high-throughput scalable 3D bioprinted cardiac spheroidal droplet-organoid model with cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts that can be used for drug screening or regenerative engineering applications. This study helped establish the parameters for bioprinting and cross-linking a gelatin-alginate-based bioink into 3D spheroidal droplets. A flattened disk-like structure developed in prior studies from our laboratory was used as a control. The microstructural and mechanical stability of the 3D spheroidal droplets was assessed and was found to be ideal for a cardiac scaffold. Adult human cardiac fibroblasts and AC16 cardiomyocytes were mixed in the bioink and bioprinted. Live-dead assay and flow cytometry analysis revealed robust biocompatibility of the 3D spheroidal droplets that supported the growth and proliferation of the cardiac cells in the long-term cultures. Moreover, the heterocellular gap junctional coupling between the cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts further validated the 3D cardiac spheroidal droplet model.","journal":"Cyborg and Bionic Systems","year":2021,"id":167624,"datarank":0.5244761342199721,"base_score":3.4965075614664802,"endowment":3.4965075614664802,"self_citation_contribution":0.5244761342199721,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5244761342199721,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":32,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9524,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":287387,"name":"Naveen Nagiah","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":238372,"name":"Joel A. Mudloff","orcid":"0000-0001-9222-093X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":385675,"name":"Vikram Thakur","orcid":"0000-0003-1754-762X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":385676,"name":"Munmun Chattopadhyay","orcid":"0000-0003-4870-718X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":238375,"name":"Binata Joddar","orcid":"0000-0002-9157-3140","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":695949,"name":"Raven El Khoury","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":70,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:45:58.359801Z","pmid":"35795473","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}