{"doi":"10.3390/v17060764","title":"Analysis of Proteins and Piwi-Interacting RNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Isolated from Human Nose Organoids and Nasopharyngeal Secretions of Children with RSV Infections","abstract":"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory infections in children. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by airway epithelial cells, contain proteins and different families of non-coding RNAs (EV cargo) that can modulate the responses of target cells to viral infection. Nasal mucosa is a primary site of viral entry and the source of EVs present in the upper airway secretions. In this study we characterized proteins, including inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs) cargo of EVs isolated from pediatric human nose organoids (HNO) and nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) positive for RSV. Using Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) and Luminex multi-target arrays, we found significant enrichment in several chemokines and other mediators/biomarkers, including CCL2, CCL20, CXCL5, CX3CL1, CXCL6, MMP-1, MMP-10, uPA, Flt3L, ARNT and CD40 in EVs secreted by RSV-infected HNO compared to control mock HNO. Analysis of NPS samples from RSV infected children revealed that CCL3, CCL20, CXCL8, uPA, VEGFA, were concentrated in the NPS-EV fraction. LC-MS/MS and Gene Ontology indicated that RSV positive NPS-EVs originate from different cellular sources, with the most abundant proteins from neutrophils and epithelial cells. A total of 490 piRNAs were detected by NGS sequencing of small RNA libraries obtained from NPS-EVs, which has not been reported prior to this study. Identification of inflammatory mediators and small non-coding RNAs which are compartmentalized in EVs contributes to understanding mechanisms of virus-mediated pathogenesis in RSV infections.","journal":"Viruses","year":2025,"id":525866,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9512,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":226880,"name":"Nicholas O. Dillman","orcid":"0000-0003-2334-9478","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":439570,"name":"Yingxin Zhao","orcid":"0000-0002-8872-5860","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":365394,"name":"Teodora Ivanciuc","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":920452,"name":"Tianshuang Liu","orcid":"0009-0000-3501-7476","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":365395,"name":"Antonella Casola","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":363866,"name":"Roberto P. Garofalo","orcid":"0000-0001-7304-9698","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":920450,"name":"Tiziana Corsello","orcid":"0000-0002-4463-0050","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":93,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:50:25.860105Z","pmid":"40573354","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}