{"doi":"10.3390/v17040488","title":"Role of Defective Interfering Particles in Complement-Mediated Lysis of Parainfluenza Virus-Infected Cells","abstract":"RNA viruses pose a significant global public health burden due to their high mutation rates, zoonotic potential, and ability to evade immune responses. A common aspect of their replication is the generation of defective interfering particles (DIPs), which contain truncated defective viral genomes (DVGs) that depend on full-length standard (STD) virus for replication. DVGs have gained recognition as they are increasingly detected in clinical samples from natural infections. While their role in modulating type I interferon (IFN-I) responses is well established, their impact on the complement (C') system is not understood. In this study, we examined how DVGs influence C'-mediated lysis during parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) infection using real-time in vitro cell viability assays. Our results demonstrated that C' effectively killed human lung epithelial cells infected with STD PIV5, whereas co-infection with DIP-enriched stocks significantly suppressed C'-mediated killing through mechanisms that were dependent on DVG replication but independent of IFN-I production. The titration of DI units in co-infection with STD PIV5 showed a strong linear relationship between DIP-mediated decreases in surface viral glycoprotein expression and the inhibition of C'-mediated lysis. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized function of DVGs in modulating C' pathways, shedding light on their potential role in viral persistence and immune evasion.","journal":"Viruses","year":2025,"id":550376,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9577,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1410843,"name":"Candace R. Fox","orcid":"0000-0002-3229-2920","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":599759,"name":"Griffith D. Parks","orcid":"0000-0002-7365-0093","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1410844,"name":"Jenna R. Aquino","orcid":"0009-0000-0214-4719","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":79,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:54:16.596730Z","pmid":"40284931","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}