{"doi":"10.3390/v17010048","title":"Unveiling the Molecular Architecture of HBV Spherical Subviral Particles: Structure, Symmetry, and Lipid Dynamics","abstract":"Since the discovery of the Australia antigen, now known as the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), significant research has been conducted to elucidate its physical, chemical, structural, and functional properties. Subviral particles (SVPs) containing HBsAg are highly immunogenic, non-infectious entities that have not only revolutionized vaccine development but also provided critical insights into HBV immune evasion and viral assembly. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) have uncovered the heterogeneity and dynamic nature of spherical HBV SVPs, emphasizing the essential role of lipid-protein interactions in maintaining particle stability. In this review, recent progress in understanding the molecular architecture of HBV SVPs is consolidated, focusing on their symmetry, lipid organization, and disassembly-reassembly dynamics. High-resolution structural models reveal unique lipid arrangements that stabilize hydrophobic residues, preserve antigenicity, and contribute to SVP functionality. These findings highlight the significance of hydrophobic interactions and lipid-protein dynamics in HBV SVP assembly and stability, offering valuable perspectives for optimizing SVP-based vaccine platforms and therapeutic strategies.","journal":"Viruses","year":2024,"id":466967,"datarank":0.2696698336481672,"base_score":1.6094379124341003,"endowment":1.6094379124341003,"self_citation_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citation_network_contribution":0.028254146783052134,"self_endowment_contribution":0.24141568686511508,"citer_contribution":0.028254146783052134,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":3,"citers_with_citation_signal":2,"citers_with_endowment":2,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9566,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"PDB":["7TUK","8YMJ","8YMK"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1086417,"name":"Alyssa Ochetto","orcid":"0000-0001-8917-0978","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":345065,"name":"Jianming Hu","orcid":"0000-0002-3967-2133","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":318449,"name":"Joseph Che‐Yen Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-6580-3531","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1299497,"name":"Sonal Garg","orcid":"0000-0002-0004-7939","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":73,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:05:10.907983Z","pmid":"39861834","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}