{"doi":"10.3390/v16071162","title":"Development and Optimization of Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay (OLA) Probes for Detection of HIV-1 Resistance to Dolutegravir","abstract":"The WHO currently recommends dolutegravir (DTG)-based ART for persons living with HIV infection in resource-limited-settings (RLS). To expand access to testing for HIV drug resistance (DR) to DTG in RLS, we developed probes for use in the oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA)-Simple, a near-point of care HIV DR kit. Genotypic data from clinical trials and case reports were used to determine the mutations in HIV-1 integrase critical to identifying individuals with DTG-resistance at virologic failure of DTG-based ART. Probes to detect G118R, Q148H/K/R, N155H and R263K in HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C, D and CRF01_AE were designed using sequence alignments from the Los Alamos database and validated using 61 clinical samples of HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C, D, CRF01_AE genotyped by PacBio (n = 15) or Sanger (n = 46). Initial OLA probes failed to ligate for 16/244 (6.5%) codons (9 at G118R and 7 at Q148H/K/R). Probes revised to accommodate polymorphisms interfering with ligation at codons G118R and Q148R reduced indeterminates to 3.7% (5 at G118R and 4 at Q148H/K/R) and detected DTG-mutations with a sensitivity of 96.5% and 100% specificity. These OLA DTG resistance probes appear highly sensitive and specific across HIV-1 subtypes common in RLS with high burden of HIV infection.","journal":"Viruses","year":2024,"id":456214,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9592,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":714378,"name":"Ceejay L. Boyce","orcid":"0000-0002-3716-8216","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1280639,"name":"M. Bishop","orcid":"0009-0007-1552-5562","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1281091,"name":"Yen L. Vu","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1281092,"name":"A. Fung","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":714894,"name":"Sheila Styrchak","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":683854,"name":"Nuttada Panpradist","orcid":"0000-0002-2733-4110","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":233083,"name":"Barry R. Lutz","orcid":"0000-0003-4298-4901","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":69658,"name":"Lisa M. Frenkel","orcid":"0000-0001-9566-8959","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":377158,"name":"Ingrid A. Beck","orcid":"0000-0001-7438-3209","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":79,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:03:27.785212Z","pmid":"39066324","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}