{"doi":"10.3390/v16071089","title":"Sex Modifies the Effect of COVID-19 on Arterial Elasticity","abstract":"There is limited long-term evidence on the effects of COVID-19 on vascular injury between male and female sex. An adult cohort of COVID-19 survivors (COVID+) and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 antibody-negative participants (COVID-) were prospectively enrolled. COVID+ participants who have documented the presence of persistent symptoms four weeks following infection were considered to have post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Non-invasive, FDA-approved EndoPAT (Endo-PAT2000) was used for endothelial assessment. COVID-(n = 94) were 1:1 propensity score matched to COVID+ (n = 151) on baseline covariates including sex. Among COVID+, 66.2% (n = 100) had PASC. Higher levels of coagulation marker, D-dimer (p = 0.001), and gut permeability marker, zonulin (p = 0.001), were associated with female sex. Estimated differences in augmentation index (AI) between COVID− (0.9 ± 17.2) and COVID+ (8.4 ± 15.7; p = 0.001) and between female and male sex (12.9 ± 1.9; p < .0001) were observed. Among COVID+ with PASC, the average AI (10.5 ± 1.6) was 9.7 units higher than COVID− (p < .0001) and 6.2 units higher compared to COVID+ with no PASC (p = 0.03). COVID+ PASC+ female sex had the highest AI (14.3 ± 1.9). The effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on vascular function varies across strata of sex and female sex in the post-acute phase of COVID-19 have the worse arterial elasticity (highest AI).","journal":"Viruses","year":2024,"id":445027,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9675,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1038938,"name":"Sokratis N. Zisis","orcid":"0000-0002-2257-1483","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1038937,"name":"Christian Mouchati","orcid":"0000-0002-3958-4125","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":689979,"name":"Danielle Labbato","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1260920,"name":"Marie Abboud","orcid":"0000-0002-7101-1001","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":247284,"name":"Grace A. McComsey","orcid":"0000-0003-2690-8888","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":689029,"name":"Jared Durieux","orcid":"0000-0002-1238-5580","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":46,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:01:42.089235Z","pmid":"39066250","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}