{"doi":"10.3390/v16020251","title":"Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Glycoprotein B from a Hyperfusogenic Virus Mediates Enhanced Cell–Cell Fusion","abstract":"Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) causes significant morbidity and death in humans worldwide. Herpes simplex virus 1 has a complex fusion mechanism that is incompletely understood. The HSV-1 strain ANG has notable fusion and entry activities that distinguish it from wild type. HSV-1 ANG virions fused with the Vero cell surface at 4 °C and also entered cells more efficiently at 15 °C, relative to wild type HSV-1 strain KOS virions, consistent with a hyperfusogenic phenotype. Understanding the molecular basis for the unique entry and fusion activities of HSV-1 strain ANG will help decipher the HSV fusion reaction and entry process. Sequencing of HSV-1 ANG genes revealed multiple changes in gB, gC, gD, gH, and gL proteins relative to wild type HSV-1 strains. The ANG UL45 gene sequence, which codes for a non-essential envelope protein, was identical to wild type KOS. HSV-1 ANG gB, gD, and gH/gL were necessary and sufficient to mediate cell-cell fusion in a virus-free reporter assay. ANG gB, when expressed with wild type KOS gD and gH/gL, increased membrane fusion, suggesting that ANG gB has hyperfusogenic cell-cell fusion activity. Replacing the KOS gD, gH, or gL with the corresponding ANG alleles did not enhance cell-cell fusion. The novel mutations in the ANG fusion and entry glycoproteins provide a platform for dissecting the cascade of interactions that culminate in HSV fusion and entry.","journal":"Viruses","year":2024,"id":441864,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9555,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1186416,"name":"Albina Makio","orcid":"0000-0002-2751-2423","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":487625,"name":"Suzanne M. Pritchard","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1196271,"name":"Cristina W. Cunha","orcid":"0000-0002-8168-5448","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":910794,"name":"McKenna A. Hull","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":486687,"name":"Anthony V. Nicola","orcid":"0000-0001-8757-0417","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":495994,"name":"Katrina A. Gianopulos","orcid":"0000-0001-9395-7335","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":62,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:01:11.152920Z","pmid":"38400027","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}