{"doi":"10.3390/v15091835","title":"Increasing Neuroinflammation Relates to Increasing Neurodegeneration in People with HIV","abstract":"Background: HIV infection causes neuroinflammation and immune activation (NIIA) and systemic inflammation and immune activation (SIIA), which in turn drive neurodegeneration (ND). Cross-sectionally, higher levels of NIIA biomarkers correlate with increased biomarkers of ND. A more convincing confirmation would be a longitudinal demonstration. Methods: PWH in the US multisite CHARTER Aging project were assessed at a baseline visit and after 12 years using standardized evaluations. We measured a panel of 14 biomarkers of NIIA, SIIA, and ND in plasma and CSF at two time points and calculated changes from baseline to the 12-year visit. Factor analysis yielded simplified indices of NIIA, SIIA, and ND. Results: The CSF NIIA factor analysis yielded Factor1 loading on soluble tumor necrosis factor type-2 (sTNFR-II) and neopterin, and Factor2, loading on MCP1, soluble CD14, and IL-6. The SIIA factor analysis yielded Factor1 loading on CRP, D-dimer, and Neopterin; Factor2 loading on sTNFR-II. The ND analysis yielded Factor1 loading on Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and Aβ42; Factor2 loading on NFL. NIIA Factor1, but not Factor2, correlated with increases in CSF NFL (r = 0.370, p = 0.0002). Conclusions: Increases in NIIA and SIIA in PWH were associated with corresponding increases in ND, suggesting that reducing neuro/systemic inflammation might slow or reverse neurodegeneration.","journal":"Viruses","year":2023,"id":327383,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":26,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8798,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":484058,"name":"Benjamin B. Gelman","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":378403,"name":"Christina M. Marra","orcid":"0000-0001-9313-2800","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311000,"name":"David B. Clifford","orcid":"0000-0001-5719-1555","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":698468,"name":"Jennifer E. Iudicello","orcid":"0000-0003-2854-7684","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":259565,"name":"Leah H. Rubin","orcid":"0000-0003-2749-6328","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":371983,"name":"Scott Letendre","orcid":"0000-0003-3490-4975","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":352517,"name":"Bin Tang","orcid":"0000-0001-8808-8323","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":371984,"name":"Ronald J. Ellis","orcid":"0000-0003-4931-752X","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1047534,"name":"Azin Tavasoli","orcid":"0000-0002-2147-3144","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":59,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:08:42.846627Z","pmid":"37766242","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}