{"doi":"10.3390/v14071358","title":"Development and Validation of Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detecting Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Cattle, Swine, and Chicken","abstract":"Multiple domestic and wild animal species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cattle and swine are susceptible to experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection. The unchecked transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in animal hosts could lead to virus adaptation and the emergence of novel variants. In addition, the spillover and subsequent adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in livestock could significantly impact food security as well as animal and public health. Therefore, it is essential to monitor livestock species for SARS-CoV-2 spillover. We developed and optimized species-specific indirect ELISAs (iELISAs) to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cattle, swine, and chickens using the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen. Serum samples collected prior to the COVID-19 pandemic were used to determine the cut-off threshold. RBD hyperimmunized sera from cattle (n = 3), swine (n = 6), and chicken (n = 3) were used as the positive controls. The iELISAs were evaluated compared to a live virus neutralization test using cattle (n = 150), swine (n = 150), and chicken (n = 150) serum samples collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The iELISAs for cattle, swine, and chicken were found to have 100% sensitivity and specificity. These tools facilitate the surveillance that is necessary to quickly identify spillovers into the three most important agricultural species worldwide.","journal":"Viruses","year":2022,"id":290159,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":4,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9548,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":972565,"name":"Erika A. Marlin","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":874661,"name":"Santhamani Ramasamy","orcid":"0000-0003-2118-4681","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":804244,"name":"Sabari Nath Neerukonda","orcid":"0000-0002-1049-1929","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":972158,"name":"Gayatri Anil","orcid":"0000-0002-0956-7279","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":972566,"name":"Jasmine Morgan","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":972567,"name":"Meysoon Quraishi","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":972159,"name":"Chen Chen","orcid":"0000-0002-8316-7898","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":874665,"name":"Veda Sheersh Boorla","orcid":"0000-0003-0084-3975","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245826,"name":"Ruth H. Nissly","orcid":"0000-0002-3102-7447","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":874663,"name":"Padmaja Jakka","orcid":"0000-0002-3090-9456","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":874662,"name":"Shubhada K. Chothe","orcid":"0000-0002-7109-7810","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":972568,"name":"Abirami Ravichandran","orcid":null,"position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":972569,"name":"Nishitha Kodali","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":875410,"name":"Saranya Amirthalingam","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":874664,"name":"Lindsey LaBella","orcid":"0000-0003-2948-6166","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":495119,"name":"Kathleen M. Kelly","orcid":"0000-0002-5120-6266","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":972570,"name":"Pazhanivel Natesan","orcid":null,"position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":972160,"name":"Allen M. Minns","orcid":"0000-0003-1500-2802","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":248418,"name":"Randall M. Rossi","orcid":null,"position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":972161,"name":"Jacob Werner","orcid":"0009-0008-7021-7703","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":972162,"name":"Ernest Hovingh","orcid":"0000-0003-1013-0282","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":514873,"name":"Scott E. Lindner","orcid":"0000-0003-1799-3726","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":687958,"name":"Deepanker Tewari","orcid":"0000-0002-7780-3026","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245834,"name":"Vivek Kapur","orcid":"0000-0002-9648-0138","position":24,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":841628,"name":"Kurt J. Vandegrift","orcid":"0000-0002-5690-3300","position":25,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":412250,"name":"Costas D. 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