{"doi":"10.3390/v13091844","title":"Kinetics of Nucleocapsid, Spike and Neutralizing Antibodies, and Viral Load in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Treated with Convalescent Plasma","abstract":"COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. Despite meticulous research, only dexamethasone has shown consistent mortality reduction. Convalescent plasma (CP) infusion might also develop into a safe and effective treatment modality on the basis of recent studies and meta-analyses; however, little is known regarding the kinetics of antibodies in CP recipients. To evaluate the kinetics, we followed 31 CP recipients longitudinally enrolled at a median of 3 days post symptom onset for changes in binding and neutralizing antibody titers and viral loads. Antibodies against the complete trimeric Spike protein and the receptor-binding domain (Spike-RBD), as well as against the complete Nucleocapsid protein and the RNA binding domain (N-RBD) were determined at baseline and weekly following CP infusion. Neutralizing antibody (pseudotype NAb) titers were determined at the same time points. Viral loads were determined semi-quantitatively by SARS-CoV-2 PCR. Patients with low humoral responses at entry showed a robust increase of antibodies to all SARS-CoV-2 proteins and Nab, reaching peak levels within 2 weeks. The rapid increase in binding and neutralizing antibodies was paralleled by a concomitant clearance of the virus within the same timeframe. Patients with high humoral responses at entry demonstrated low or no further increases; however, virus clearance followed the same trajectory as in patients with low antibody response at baseline. Together, the sequential immunological and virological analysis of this well-defined cohort of patients early in infection shows the presence of high levels of binding and neutralizing antibodies and potent clearance of the virus.","journal":"Viruses","year":2021,"id":205733,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.954,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":338297,"name":"Margherita Rosati","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":336801,"name":"Evangelos Terpos","orcid":"0000-0001-5133-1422","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":258854,"name":"Dimitris Stellas","orcid":"0000-0002-7787-3921","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":336804,"name":"Xintao Hu","orcid":"0000-0002-6552-9357","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":621573,"name":"Sevasti Karaliota","orcid":"0000-0001-7226-8207","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":789028,"name":"Anthi Bouchla","orcid":"0000-0002-9234-7073","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":789548,"name":"Ioannis Katagas","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":336811,"name":"Anastasia Antoniadou","orcid":"0000-0003-0991-9198","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":338296,"name":"Αndreas Mentis","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":336809,"name":"Sotirios G. 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