{"doi":"10.3390/v13061027","title":"Structural and Biophysical Characterization of the HCV E1E2 Heterodimer for Vaccine Development","abstract":"An effective vaccine for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major unmet medical and public health need, and it requires an antigen that elicits immune responses to multiple key conserved epitopes. Decades of research have generated a number of vaccine candidates; based on these data and research through clinical development, a vaccine antigen based on the E1E2 glycoprotein complex appears to be the best choice. One bottleneck in the development of an E1E2-based vaccine is that the antigen is challenging to produce in large quantities and at high levels of purity and antigenic/functional integrity. This review describes the production and characterization of E1E2-based vaccine antigens, both membrane-associated and a novel secreted form of E1E2, with a particular emphasis on the major challenges facing the field and how those challenges can be addressed.","journal":"Viruses","year":2021,"id":198420,"datarank":0.3596842909197557,"base_score":2.3978952727983707,"endowment":2.3978952727983707,"self_citation_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3596842909197557,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9543,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":471780,"name":"Andrezza Campos Chagas","orcid":"0000-0001-5187-067X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":281772,"name":"Brian G. Pierce","orcid":"0000-0003-4821-0368","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":528685,"name":"Thomas R. Fuerst","orcid":"0000-0002-9766-9995","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":566926,"name":"Eric A. Toth","orcid":"0000-0002-0766-5131","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":177,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:50:31.857233Z","pmid":"34072451","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}