{"doi":"10.3390/tropicalmed9050100","title":"Impact of the Stool-Based Xpert Test on Childhood Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Selected States in Nigeria","abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In Nigeria, most children with tuberculosis (TB) present at primary health clinics where there are limited personnel skilled in collecting appropriate respiratory specimens from those who cannot produce sputum. KNCV Nigeria, in collaboration with the National Tuberculosis Control Program, implemented a modified simple, one-step (SOS), stool-based Xpert MTB/RIF method for diagnosis of TB in children who cannot expectorate sputum. We evaluated the impact of its implementation on childhood TB diagnosis. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted across 14 selected states using secondary data of children presumed to have TB. Stool was collected from children presumed to have TB and processed using Xpert. Result: Out of 52,117 presumptive TB cases, 52% were male and 59.7% were under 5 years old. A total of 2440 (5%) cases were diagnosed with TB, and 2307 (95%) were placed on treatment. Annual TB notifications increased significantly after the introduction of the stool-based Xpert test when compared to those in the pre-implementation period. Increasing contributions from stool testing were observed throughout the implementation period, except in 2020 during the COVID-19 era. Overall, stool Xpert testing improved childhood TB notification in the studied states. Interventions aimed at awareness creation, capacity building, and active case finding improved the performance of the test.</jats:p>","journal":"Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease","year":2024,"id":660031,"datarank":0.3453877639491069,"base_score":2.302585092994046,"endowment":2.302585092994046,"self_citation_contribution":0.3453877639491069,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3453877639491069,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":9,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":536931,"name":"Bethrand Odume","orcid":"0000-0003-4244-2088","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1722943,"name":"Peter Nwadike","orcid":"0000-0003-3599-3463","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1722945,"name":"Ikechukwu Anaedobe","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1722947,"name":"Zirra Mangoro","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1722949,"name":"Michael Umoren","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1722951,"name":"Chidubem Ogbudebe","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1722953,"name":"Ogoamaka Chukwuogo","orcid":"0000-0002-8429-3511","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1722955,"name":"Sani Useni","orcid":"0000-0002-7065-7273","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1722956,"name":"Debby Nongo","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1722957,"name":"Rupert Eneogu","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1722958,"name":"Emeka Elom","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1115659,"name":"Petra de Haas","orcid":"0000-0003-3024-0198","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1676716,"name":"Mustapha Gidado","orcid":null,"position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1722939,"name":"Nkiru Nwokoye","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Impact of the Stool-Based Xpert Test on Childhood Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Selected States in Nigeria","abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In Nigeria, most children with tuberculosis (TB) present at primary health clinics where there are limited personnel skilled in collecting appropriate respiratory specimens from those who cannot produce sputum. KNCV Nigeria, in collaboration with the National Tuberculosis Control Program, implemented a modified simple, one-step (SOS), stool-based Xpert MTB/RIF method for diagnosis of TB in children who cannot expectorate sputum. We evaluated the impact of its implementation on childhood TB diagnosis. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted across 14 selected states using secondary data of children presumed to have TB. Stool was collected from children presumed to have TB and processed using Xpert. Result: Out of 52,117 presumptive TB cases, 52% were male and 59.7% were under 5 years old. A total of 2440 (5%) cases were diagnosed with TB, and 2307 (95%) were placed on treatment. Annual TB notifications increased significantly after the introduction of the stool-based Xpert test when compared to those in the pre-implementation period. Increasing contributions from stool testing were observed throughout the implementation period, except in 2020 during the COVID-19 era. Overall, stool Xpert testing improved childhood TB notification in the studied states. Interventions aimed at awareness creation, capacity building, and active case finding improved the performance of the test.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.302585092994046,"endowment":2.302585092994046,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"38787033","pmcid":"PMC11126095","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4396556176","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"United States Agency for International Development (USAID)","grant_id":"","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":2.7567,"citation_percentile":0.90703502,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2024,"count":5},{"year":2025,"count":4}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9050100","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9050100","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/9/5/100/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38787033","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11126095","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/14e5c897656443e4b6cc61d6abaedbef","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11126095/pdf/tropicalmed-09-00100.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11126095","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC11126095?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","Healthcare Facilities Design and Sustainability"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Medicine","Tuberculosis","Test (biology)","Pediatrics","Environmental health","Pathology","Biology","stool","Xpert Mtb/rif","Childhood Tb"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-12T08:15:08.766396Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}