{"doi":"10.3390/s20143834","title":"A Novel Method of Measuring Instantaneous Frequency of an Ultrafast Frequency Modulated Continuous-Wave Laser","abstract":"<jats:p>Ultrafast linear frequency modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) lasers are a special category of CW lasers. The linear FMCW laser is the light source for many sensing applications, especially for light detection and ranging (LiDAR). However, systems for the generation of high quality linear FMCW light are limited and diverse in terms of technical approaches and mechanisms. Due to a lack of characterization methods for linear FMCW lasers, it is difficult to compare and judge the generation systems in the same category. We propose a novel scheme for measuring the mapping relationship between instantaneous frequency and time of a FMCW laser based on a modified coherent optical spectrum analyzer (COSA) and digital signal processing (DSP) method. Our method has the potential to measure the instantaneous frequency of a FMCW laser at an unlimited sweep rate. In this paper, we demonstrate how to use this new method to precisely measure a FMCW laser at a large fast sweep rate of 5000 THz/s by both simulation and experiments. We find experimentally that the uncertainty of this method is less than 100 kHz and can be improved further if a frequency feedback servo system is introduced to stabilize the local CW laser.</jats:p>","journal":"Sensors","year":2020,"id":615361,"datarank":0.38474240361923057,"base_score":2.5649493574615367,"endowment":2.5649493574615367,"self_citation_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.38474240361923057,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":12,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":314860,"name":"Tianxin Yang","orcid":"0000-0003-4209-2284","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1586070,"name":"Zhaoying Wang","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1586071,"name":"Dongfang Jia","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1586072,"name":"Chunfeng Ge","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1586069,"name":"Jiewei Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-5264-1393","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"A Novel Method of Measuring Instantaneous Frequency of an Ultrafast Frequency Modulated Continuous-Wave Laser","abstract":"<jats:p>Ultrafast linear frequency modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) lasers are a special category of CW lasers. The linear FMCW laser is the light source for many sensing applications, especially for light detection and ranging (LiDAR). However, systems for the generation of high quality linear FMCW light are limited and diverse in terms of technical approaches and mechanisms. Due to a lack of characterization methods for linear FMCW lasers, it is difficult to compare and judge the generation systems in the same category. We propose a novel scheme for measuring the mapping relationship between instantaneous frequency and time of a FMCW laser based on a modified coherent optical spectrum analyzer (COSA) and digital signal processing (DSP) method. Our method has the potential to measure the instantaneous frequency of a FMCW laser at an unlimited sweep rate. In this paper, we demonstrate how to use this new method to precisely measure a FMCW laser at a large fast sweep rate of 5000 THz/s by both simulation and experiments. We find experimentally that the uncertainty of this method is less than 100 kHz and can be improved further if a frequency feedback servo system is introduced to stabilize the local CW laser.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.5649493574615367,"endowment":2.5649493574615367,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"32660043","pmcid":"PMC7412386","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3040755487","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City","grant_id":"19JCZDJC32500 and 18JCYBJC16800","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","grant_id":"61975145","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":0.8025,"citation_percentile":0.69658031,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2021,"count":3},{"year":2022,"count":2},{"year":2023,"count":2},{"year":2024,"count":2},{"year":2025,"count":2},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3834/pdf?version=1594294516","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3834/pdf?version=1594294516","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/3834/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s20143834","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32660043","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/5753d8d8b7a94c849c615c42d38c5cd3","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20143834","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7412386","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7412386","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7412386?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","Photonic and Optical Devices"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Continuous wave","Laser","Sweep frequency response analysis","Ultrashort pulse","Instantaneous phase","Optics","Spectrum analyzer","Lidar","Frequency modulation","Computer science","Ranging","Digital signal processing","Electronic engineering","Acoustics","Physics","Radio frequency","Telecommunications","Radar","Engineering","Instantaneous Frequency","Light Detection And Ranging (Lidar)","Coherent Optical Spectrum Analyzer (Cosa)","Frequency Modulated Continuous-wave (Fmcw)","Time-frequency Curve"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-02T19:47:11.943854Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}