{"doi":"10.3390/s141018941","title":"Monitoring Key Parameters in Bioprocesses Using  Near-Infrared Technology","abstract":"<jats:p>Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is known to be a rapid and non-destructive technique for process monitoring. Bioprocesses are usually complex, from both the chemical  (ill-defined medium composition) and physical (multiphase matrix) aspects, which poses an additional challenge to the development of robust calibrations. We investigated the use of NIRS for on-line and in-line monitoring of cell, substrate and product concentrations, during aerobic and anaerobic bacterial fermentations, in different fermentation strategies. Calibration models were built up, then validated and used for the automated control of fermentation processes. The capability of NIR in-line to discriminate among differently shaped bacteria was tested.</jats:p>","journal":"Sensors","year":2014,"id":21277,"datarank":2.3716758568000125,"base_score":3.970291913552122,"endowment":3.970291913552122,"self_citation_contribution":0.5955437870328184,"citation_network_contribution":1.776132069767194,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5955437870328184,"citer_contribution":1.776132069767194,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":52,"citer_count":47,"citers_with_citation_signal":43,"citers_with_endowment":43,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":137601,"name":"Maria Marchetti","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":137602,"name":"Paola Pedrini","orcid":"0000-0003-3185-7798","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":137600,"name":"Elena Tamburini","orcid":"0000-0001-9830-7649","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":3.970291913552122,"endowment":3.970291913552122,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"25313494","pmcid":"PMC4239928","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2048744915","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":6.5645,"citation_percentile":0.96591386,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2015,"count":2},{"year":2016,"count":6},{"year":2017,"count":8},{"year":2018,"count":5},{"year":2019,"count":3},{"year":2020,"count":1},{"year":2021,"count":8},{"year":2022,"count":5},{"year":2023,"count":4},{"year":2024,"count":2},{"year":2025,"count":6},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/10/18941/pdf?version=1413193891","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/10/18941/pdf?version=1413193891","host_type":"GOLD"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/10/18941/pdf?version=1413193891","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/10/18941/pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s141018941","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25313494","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/82d6474c335046b1916bfa951319c0bf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2277614","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s141018941","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4239928","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4239928","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4239928?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Fault Detection and Control Systems","Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","Computer Science","Medicine","Engineering","Environmental Science","Chemistry","Biology","Bacteria, Aerobic","Bacteria, Anaerobic","Bioreactors","Fermentation","Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared"],"mesh_terms":["Bacteria, Aerobic","Bacteria, Anaerobic","Fermentation","Bioreactors","Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared"],"keywords":["Process engineering","Fermentation","Biochemical engineering","Near-infrared spectroscopy","Calibration","Monitoring and control","Process analytical technology","Biological system","Matrix (chemical analysis)","Bioreactor","Anaerobic bacteria","Computer science","Environmental science","Chemistry","Bioprocess","Chromatography","Bacteria","Engineering","Food science","Control engineering","Chemical engineering","Biology","Mathematics"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Reduced inequalities"},{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-06T15:16:08.285609Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}