{"doi":"10.3390/polym16111572","title":"Screening of MMP-13 Inhibitors Using a GelMA-Alginate Interpenetrating Network Hydrogel-Based Model Mimicking Cytokine-Induced Key Features of Osteoarthritis In Vitro","abstract":"Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by irreversible cartilage degradation. Current clinical treatment options lack effective pharmaceutical interventions targeting the disease's root causes. MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) inhibitors represent a new approach to slowing OA progression by addressing cartilage degradation mechanisms. However, very few drugs within this class are in preclinical or clinical trial phases. Hydrogel-based 3D in vitro models have shown promise as preclinical testing platforms due to their resemblance to native extracellular matrix (ECM), abundant availability, and ease of use. Metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is thought to be a major contributor to the degradation of articular cartilage in OA by aggressively breaking down type II collagen. This study focused on testing MMP-13 inhibitors using a GelMA-alginate hydrogel-based OA model induced by cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The results demonstrate a significant inhibition of type II collagen breakdown by measuring C2C concentration using ELISA after treatment with MMP-13 inhibitors. However, inconsistencies in human cartilage explant samples led to inconclusive results. Nonetheless, the study highlights the GelMA-alginate hydrogel-based OA model as an alternative to human-sourced cartilage explants for in vitro drug screening.","journal":"Polymers","year":2024,"id":463294,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9552,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1233960,"name":"Steven L. Williams","orcid":"0009-0006-1253-3033","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1293781,"name":"Alessandra Palladino","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":351107,"name":"Melanie Ecker","orcid":"0000-0002-0603-6683","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1234491,"name":"Qichan Hu","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":28,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:04:28.838123Z","pmid":"38891518","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}