{"doi":"10.3390/pathogens12050671","title":"MultiSero: An Open-Source Multiplex-ELISA Platform for Measuring Antibody Responses to Infection","abstract":"A multiplexed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that simultaneously measures antibody binding to multiple antigens can extend the impact of serosurveillance studies, particularly if the assay approaches the simplicity, robustness, and accuracy of a conventional single-antigen ELISA. Here, we report on the development of multiSero, an open-source multiplex ELISA platform for measuring antibody responses to viral infection. Our assay consists of three parts: (1) an ELISA against an array of proteins in a 96-well format; (2) automated imaging of each well of the ELISA array using an open-source plate reader; and (3) automated measurement of optical densities for each protein within the array using an open-source analysis pipeline. We validated the platform by comparing antibody binding to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens in 217 human sera samples, showing high sensitivity (0.978), specificity (0.977), positive predictive value (0.978), and negative predictive value (0.977) for classifying seropositivity, a high correlation of multiSero determined antibody titers with commercially available SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests, and antigen-specific changes in antibody titer dynamics upon vaccination. The open-source format and accessibility of our multiSero platform can contribute to the adoption of multiplexed ELISA arrays for serosurveillance studies, for SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens of significance.","journal":"Pathogens","year":2023,"id":344317,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9538,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":487862,"name":"Eric Waltari","orcid":"0000-0001-6930-9645","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":436862,"name":"Owen Janson","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":558604,"name":"Syuan-Ming Guo","orcid":"0000-0003-3680-0387","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":806444,"name":"Jenny Folkesson","orcid":"0000-0002-4673-0522","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":558602,"name":"Bryant B. Chhun","orcid":"0000-0002-3539-2396","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":436861,"name":"Joanna Vinden","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":267753,"name":"Ivan E. Ivanov","orcid":"0000-0001-6389-0213","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":806445,"name":"Marcus L. Forst","orcid":"0000-0002-2087-1255","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":576332,"name":"Hongquan Li","orcid":"0000-0002-3668-5772","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":806446,"name":"Adam G. Larson","orcid":"0000-0002-9094-5061","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1082712,"name":"Lena Blackmon","orcid":"0000-0002-3197-8453","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":896111,"name":"Ziwen Liu","orcid":"0000-0001-7482-1299","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":392077,"name":"Wesley Wu","orcid":"0000-0003-4594-0699","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":311355,"name":"Vida Ahyong","orcid":"0000-0002-8632-9629","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":552658,"name":"Cristina M. Tato","orcid":"0000-0002-0614-756X","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":806447,"name":"Krista McCutcheon","orcid":"0000-0003-1942-5175","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":71690,"name":"Rebecca Hoh","orcid":"0000-0001-5112-4220","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":252180,"name":"J. Daniel Kelly","orcid":"0000-0002-7616-0321","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":239684,"name":"Jeffrey N. 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